drivers/spi/spi-bitbang.c

   1 /*
   2  * polling/bitbanging SPI master controller driver utilities
   3  *
   4  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   5  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   6  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   7  * (at your option) any later version.
   8  *
   9  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  12  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  13  *
  14  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  15  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  16  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  17  */
  18
  19 #include <linux/init.h>
  20 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
  21 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
  22 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
  23 #include <linux/module.h>
  24 #include <linux/delay.h>
  25 #include <linux/errno.h>
  26 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
  27 #include <linux/slab.h>
  28
  29 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
  30 #include <linux/spi/spi_bitbang.h>
  31
  32
  33 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  34
  35 /*
  36  * FIRST PART (OPTIONAL):  word-at-a-time spi_transfer support.
  37  * Use this for GPIO or shift-register level hardware APIs.
  38  *
  39  * spi_bitbang_cs is in spi_device->controller_state, which is unavailable
  40  * to glue code.  These bitbang setup() and cleanup() routines are always
  41  * used, though maybe they're called from controller-aware code.
  42  *
  43  * chipselect() and friends may use use spi_device->controller_data and
  44  * controller registers as appropriate.
  45  *
  46  *
  47  * NOTE:  SPI controller pins can often be used as GPIO pins instead,
  48  * which means you could use a bitbang driver either to get hardware
  49  * working quickly, or testing for differences that aren't speed related.
  50  */
  51
  52 struct spi_bitbang_cs {
  53         unsigned        nsecs;  /* (clock cycle time)/2 */
  54         u32             (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs,
  55                                         u32 word, u8 bits);
  56         unsigned        (*txrx_bufs)(struct spi_device *,
  57                                         u32 (*txrx_word)(
  58                                                 struct spi_device *spi,
  59                                                 unsigned nsecs,
  60                                                 u32 word, u8 bits),
  61                                         unsigned, struct spi_transfer *);
  62 };
  63
  64 static unsigned bitbang_txrx_8(
  65         struct spi_device       *spi,
  66         u32                     (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi,
  67                                         unsigned nsecs,
  68                                         u32 word, u8 bits),
  69         unsigned                ns,
  70         struct spi_transfer     *t
  71 ) {
  72         unsigned                bits = t->bits_per_word;
  73         unsigned                count = t->len;
  74         const u8                *tx = t->tx_buf;
  75         u8                      *rx = t->rx_buf;
  76
  77         while (likely(count > 0)) {
  78                 u8              word = 0;
  79
  80                 if (tx)
  81                         word = *tx++;
  82                 word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits);
  83                 if (rx)
  84                         *rx++ = word;
  85                 count -= 1;
  86         }
  87         return t->len - count;
  88 }
  89
  90 static unsigned bitbang_txrx_16(
  91         struct spi_device       *spi,
  92         u32                     (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi,
  93                                         unsigned nsecs,
  94                                         u32 word, u8 bits),
  95         unsigned                ns,
  96         struct spi_transfer     *t
  97 ) {
  98         unsigned                bits = t->bits_per_word;
  99         unsigned                count = t->len;
 100         const u16               *tx = t->tx_buf;
 101         u16                     *rx = t->rx_buf;
 102
 103         while (likely(count > 1)) {
 104                 u16             word = 0;
 105
 106                 if (tx)
 107                         word = *tx++;
 108                 word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits);
 109                 if (rx)
 110                         *rx++ = word;
 111                 count -= 2;
 112         }
 113         return t->len - count;
 114 }
 115
 116 static unsigned bitbang_txrx_32(
 117         struct spi_device       *spi,
 118         u32                     (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi,
 119                                         unsigned nsecs,
 120                                         u32 word, u8 bits),
 121         unsigned                ns,
 122         struct spi_transfer     *t
 123 ) {
 124         unsigned                bits = t->bits_per_word;
 125         unsigned                count = t->len;
 126         const u32               *tx = t->tx_buf;
 127         u32                     *rx = t->rx_buf;
 128
 129         while (likely(count > 3)) {
 130                 u32             word = 0;
 131
 132                 if (tx)
 133                         word = *tx++;
 134                 word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits);
 135                 if (rx)
 136                         *rx++ = word;
 137                 count -= 4;
 138         }
 139         return t->len - count;
 140 }
 141
 142 int spi_bitbang_setup_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t)
 143 {
 144         struct spi_bitbang_cs   *cs = spi->controller_state;
 145         u8                      bits_per_word;
 146         u32                     hz;
 147
 148         if (t) {
 149                 bits_per_word = t->bits_per_word;
 150                 hz = t->speed_hz;
 151         } else {
 152                 bits_per_word = 0;
 153                 hz = 0;
 154         }
 155
 156         /* spi_transfer level calls that work per-word */
 157         if (!bits_per_word)
 158                 bits_per_word = spi->bits_per_word;
 159         if (bits_per_word <= 8)
 160                 cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_8;
 161         else if (bits_per_word <= 16)
 162                 cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_16;
 163         else if (bits_per_word <= 32)
 164                 cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_32;
 165         else
 166                 return -EINVAL;
 167
 168         /* nsecs = (clock period)/2 */
 169         if (!hz)
 170                 hz = spi->max_speed_hz;
 171         if (hz) {
 172                 cs->nsecs = (1000000000/2) / hz;
 173                 if (cs->nsecs > (MAX_UDELAY_MS * 1000 * 1000))
 174                         return -EINVAL;
 175         }
 176
 177         return 0;
 178 }
 179 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_setup_transfer);
 180
 181 /**
 182  * spi_bitbang_setup - default setup for per-word I/O loops
 183  */
 184 int spi_bitbang_setup(struct spi_device *spi)
 185 {
 186         struct spi_bitbang_cs   *cs = spi->controller_state;
 187         struct spi_bitbang      *bitbang;
 188         int                     retval;
 189         unsigned long           flags;
 190
 191         bitbang = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master);
 192
 193         if (!cs) {
 194                 cs = kzalloc(sizeof *cs, GFP_KERNEL);
 195                 if (!cs)
 196                         return -ENOMEM;
 197                 spi->controller_state = cs;
 198         }
 199
 200         /* per-word shift register access, in hardware or bitbanging */
 201         cs->txrx_word = bitbang->txrx_word[spi->mode & (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA)];
 202         if (!cs->txrx_word)
 203                 return -EINVAL;
 204
 205         retval = bitbang->setup_transfer(spi, NULL);
 206         if (retval < 0)
 207                 return retval;
 208
 209         dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%s, %u nsec/bit\n", __func__, 2 * cs->nsecs);
 210
 211         /* NOTE we _need_ to call chipselect() early, ideally with adapter
 212          * setup, unless the hardware defaults cooperate to avoid confusion
 213          * between normal (active low) and inverted chipselects.
 214          */
 215
 216         /* deselect chip (low or high) */
 217         spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 218         if (!bitbang->busy) {
 219                 bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
 220                 ndelay(cs->nsecs);
 221         }
 222         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 223
 224         return 0;
 225 }
 226 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_setup);
 227
 228 /**
 229  * spi_bitbang_cleanup - default cleanup for per-word I/O loops
 230  */
 231 void spi_bitbang_cleanup(struct spi_device *spi)
 232 {
 233         kfree(spi->controller_state);
 234 }
 235 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_cleanup);
 236
 237 static int spi_bitbang_bufs(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t)
 238 {
 239         struct spi_bitbang_cs   *cs = spi->controller_state;
 240         unsigned                nsecs = cs->nsecs;
 241
 242         return cs->txrx_bufs(spi, cs->txrx_word, nsecs, t);
 243 }
 244
 245 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 246
 247 /*
 248  * SECOND PART ... simple transfer queue runner.
 249  *
 250  * This costs a task context per controller, running the queue by
 251  * performing each transfer in sequence.  Smarter hardware can queue
 252  * several DMA transfers at once, and process several controller queues
 253  * in parallel; this driver doesn't match such hardware very well.
 254  *
 255  * Drivers can provide word-at-a-time i/o primitives, or provide
 256  * transfer-at-a-time ones to leverage dma or fifo hardware.
 257  */
 258 static void bitbang_work(struct work_struct *work)
 259 {
 260         struct spi_bitbang      *bitbang =
 261                 container_of(work, struct spi_bitbang, work);
 262         unsigned long           flags;
 263         struct spi_message      *m, *_m;
 264
 265         spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 266         bitbang->busy = 1;
 267         list_for_each_entry_safe(m, _m, &bitbang->queue, queue) {
 268                 struct spi_device       *spi;
 269                 unsigned                nsecs;
 270                 struct spi_transfer     *t = NULL;
 271                 unsigned                tmp;
 272                 unsigned                cs_change;
 273                 int                     status;
 274                 int                     do_setup = -1;
 275
 276                 list_del(&m->queue);
 277                 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 278
 279                 /* FIXME this is made-up ... the correct value is known to
 280                  * word-at-a-time bitbang code, and presumably chipselect()
 281                  * should enforce these requirements too?
 282                  */
 283                 nsecs = 100;
 284
 285                 spi = m->spi;
 286                 tmp = 0;
 287                 cs_change = 1;
 288                 status = 0;
 289
 290                 list_for_each_entry (t, &m->transfers, transfer_list) {
 291
 292                         /* override speed or wordsize? */
 293                         if (t->speed_hz || t->bits_per_word)
 294                                 do_setup = 1;
 295
 296                         /* init (-1) or override (1) transfer params */
 297                         if (do_setup != 0) {
 298                                 status = bitbang->setup_transfer(spi, t);
 299                                 if (status < 0)
 300                                         break;
 301                                 if (do_setup == -1)
 302                                         do_setup = 0;
 303                         }
 304
 305                         /* set up default clock polarity, and activate chip;
 306                          * this implicitly updates clock and spi modes as
 307                          * previously recorded for this device via setup().
 308                          * (and also deselects any other chip that might be
 309                          * selected ...)
 310                          */
 311                         if (cs_change) {
 312                                 bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE);
 313                                 ndelay(nsecs);
 314                         }
 315                         cs_change = t->cs_change;
 316                         if (!t->tx_buf && !t->rx_buf && t->len) {
 317                                 status = -EINVAL;
 318                                 break;
 319                         }
 320
 321                         /* transfer data.  the lower level code handles any
 322                          * new dma mappings it needs. our caller always gave
 323                          * us dma-safe buffers.
 324                          */
 325                         if (t->len) {
 326                                 /* REVISIT dma API still needs a designated
 327                                  * DMA_ADDR_INVALID; ~0 might be better.
 328                                  */
 329                                 if (!m->is_dma_mapped)
 330                                         t->rx_dma = t->tx_dma = 0;
 331                                 status = bitbang->txrx_bufs(spi, t);
 332                         }
 333                         if (status > 0)
 334                                 m->actual_length += status;
 335                         if (status != t->len) {
 336                                 /* always report some kind of error */
 337                                 if (status >= 0)
 338                                         status = -EREMOTEIO;
 339                                 break;
 340                         }
 341                         status = 0;
 342
 343                         /* protocol tweaks before next transfer */
 344                         if (t->delay_usecs)
 345                                 udelay(t->delay_usecs);
 346
 347                         if (cs_change && !list_is_last(&t->transfer_list, &m->transfers)) {
 348                                 /* sometimes a short mid-message deselect of the chip
 349                                  * may be needed to terminate a mode or command
 350                                  */
 351                                 ndelay(nsecs);
 352                                 bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
 353                                 ndelay(nsecs);
 354                         }
 355                 }
 356
 357                 m->status = status;
 358                 m->complete(m->context);
 359
 360                 /* normally deactivate chipselect ... unless no error and
 361                  * cs_change has hinted that the next message will probably
 362                  * be for this chip too.
 363                  */
 364                 if (!(status == 0 && cs_change)) {
 365                         ndelay(nsecs);
 366                         bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
 367                         ndelay(nsecs);
 368                 }
 369
 370                 spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 371         }
 372         bitbang->busy = 0;
 373         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 374 }
 375
 376 /**
 377  * spi_bitbang_transfer - default submit to transfer queue
 378  */
 379 int spi_bitbang_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *m)
 380 {
 381         struct spi_bitbang      *bitbang;
 382         unsigned long           flags;
 383         int                     status = 0;
 384
 385         m->actual_length = 0;
 386         m->status = -EINPROGRESS;
 387
 388         bitbang = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master);
 389
 390         spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 391         if (!spi->max_speed_hz)
 392                 status = -ENETDOWN;
 393         else {
 394                 list_add_tail(&m->queue, &bitbang->queue);
 395                 queue_work(bitbang->workqueue, &bitbang->work);
 396         }
 397         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
 398
 399         return status;
 400 }
 401 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_transfer);
 402
 403 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 404
 405 /**
 406  * spi_bitbang_start - start up a polled/bitbanging SPI master driver
 407  * @bitbang: driver handle
 408  *
 409  * Caller should have zero-initialized all parts of the structure, and then
 410  * provided callbacks for chip selection and I/O loops.  If the master has
 411  * a transfer method, its final step should call spi_bitbang_transfer; or,
 412  * that's the default if the transfer routine is not initialized.  It should
 413  * also set up the bus number and number of chipselects.
 414  *
 415  * For i/o loops, provide callbacks either per-word (for bitbanging, or for
 416  * hardware that basically exposes a shift register) or per-spi_transfer
 417  * (which takes better advantage of hardware like fifos or DMA engines).
 418  *
 419  * Drivers using per-word I/O loops should use (or call) spi_bitbang_setup,
 420  * spi_bitbang_cleanup and spi_bitbang_setup_transfer to handle those spi
 421  * master methods.  Those methods are the defaults if the bitbang->txrx_bufs
 422  * routine isn't initialized.
 423  *
 424  * This routine registers the spi_master, which will process requests in a
 425  * dedicated task, keeping IRQs unblocked most of the time.  To stop
 426  * processing those requests, call spi_bitbang_stop().
 427  */
 428 int spi_bitbang_start(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
 429 {
 430         struct spi_master *master = bitbang->master;
 431         int status;
 432
 433         if (!master || !bitbang->chipselect)
 434                 return -EINVAL;
 435
 436         INIT_WORK(&bitbang->work, bitbang_work);
 437         spin_lock_init(&bitbang->lock);
 438         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bitbang->queue);
 439
 440         if (!master->mode_bits)
 441                 master->mode_bits = SPI_CPOL | SPI_CPHA | bitbang->flags;
 442
 443         if (!master->transfer)
 444                 master->transfer = spi_bitbang_transfer;
 445         if (!bitbang->txrx_bufs) {
 446                 bitbang->use_dma = 0;
 447                 bitbang->txrx_bufs = spi_bitbang_bufs;
 448                 if (!master->setup) {
 449                         if (!bitbang->setup_transfer)
 450                                 bitbang->setup_transfer =
 451                                          spi_bitbang_setup_transfer;
 452                         master->setup = spi_bitbang_setup;
 453                         master->cleanup = spi_bitbang_cleanup;
 454                 }
 455         } else if (!master->setup)
 456                 return -EINVAL;
 457         if (master->transfer == spi_bitbang_transfer &&
 458                         !bitbang->setup_transfer)
 459                 return -EINVAL;
 460
 461         /* this task is the only thing to touch the SPI bits */
 462         bitbang->busy = 0;
 463         bitbang->workqueue = create_singlethread_workqueue(
 464                         dev_name(master->dev.parent));
 465         if (bitbang->workqueue == NULL) {
 466                 status = -EBUSY;
 467                 goto err1;
 468         }
 469
 470         /* driver may get busy before register() returns, especially
 471          * if someone registered boardinfo for devices
 472          */
 473         status = spi_register_master(master);
 474         if (status < 0)
 475                 goto err2;
 476
 477         return status;
 478
 479 err2:
 480         destroy_workqueue(bitbang->workqueue);
 481 err1:
 482         return status;
 483 }
 484 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_start);
 485
 486 /**
 487  * spi_bitbang_stop - stops the task providing spi communication
 488  */
 489 int spi_bitbang_stop(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
 490 {
 491         spi_unregister_master(bitbang->master);
 492
 493         WARN_ON(!list_empty(&bitbang->queue));
 494
 495         destroy_workqueue(bitbang->workqueue);
 496
 497         return 0;
 498 }
 499 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_stop);
 500
 501 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 502