2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/module.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/mman.h>
15 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
16 #include <linux/memblock.h>
18 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
19 #include <linux/sizes.h>
22 #include <asm/cputype.h>
23 #include <asm/sections.h>
24 #include <asm/cachetype.h>
25 #include <asm/setup.h>
26 #include <asm/smp_plat.h>
28 #include <asm/highmem.h>
29 #include <asm/system_info.h>
30 #include <asm/traps.h>
32 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/pci.h>
40 * empty_zero_page is a special page that is used for
41 * zero-initialized data and COW.
43 struct page
*empty_zero_page
;
44 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page
);
47 * The pmd table for the upper-most set of pages.
51 #define CPOLICY_UNCACHED 0
52 #define CPOLICY_BUFFERED 1
53 #define CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH 2
54 #define CPOLICY_WRITEBACK 3
55 #define CPOLICY_WRITEALLOC 4
57 static unsigned int cachepolicy __initdata
= CPOLICY_WRITEBACK
;
58 static unsigned int ecc_mask __initdata
= 0;
60 pgprot_t pgprot_kernel
;
61 pgprot_t pgprot_hyp_device
;
63 pgprot_t pgprot_s2_device
;
65 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgprot_user
);
66 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgprot_kernel
);
69 const char policy
[16];
76 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
77 #define s2_policy(policy) policy
79 #define s2_policy(policy) 0
82 static struct cachepolicy cache_policies
[] __initdata
= {
86 .pmd
= PMD_SECT_UNCACHED
,
87 .pte
= L_PTE_MT_UNCACHED
,
88 .pte_s2
= s2_policy(L_PTE_S2_MT_UNCACHED
),
92 .pmd
= PMD_SECT_BUFFERED
,
93 .pte
= L_PTE_MT_BUFFERABLE
,
94 .pte_s2
= s2_policy(L_PTE_S2_MT_UNCACHED
),
96 .policy
= "writethrough",
99 .pte
= L_PTE_MT_WRITETHROUGH
,
100 .pte_s2
= s2_policy(L_PTE_S2_MT_WRITETHROUGH
),
102 .policy
= "writeback",
105 .pte
= L_PTE_MT_WRITEBACK
,
106 .pte_s2
= s2_policy(L_PTE_S2_MT_WRITEBACK
),
108 .policy
= "writealloc",
110 .pmd
= PMD_SECT_WBWA
,
111 .pte
= L_PTE_MT_WRITEALLOC
,
112 .pte_s2
= s2_policy(L_PTE_S2_MT_WRITEBACK
),
117 * These are useful for identifying cache coherency
118 * problems by allowing the cache or the cache and
119 * writebuffer to be turned off. (Note: the write
120 * buffer should not be on and the cache off).
122 static int __init
early_cachepolicy(char *p
)
126 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(cache_policies
); i
++) {
127 int len
= strlen(cache_policies
[i
].policy
);
129 if (memcmp(p
, cache_policies
[i
].policy
, len
) == 0) {
131 cr_alignment
&= ~cache_policies
[i
].cr_mask
;
132 cr_no_alignment
&= ~cache_policies
[i
].cr_mask
;
136 if (i
== ARRAY_SIZE(cache_policies
))
137 printk(KERN_ERR
"ERROR: unknown or unsupported cache policy\n");
139 * This restriction is partly to do with the way we boot; it is
140 * unpredictable to have memory mapped using two different sets of
141 * memory attributes (shared, type, and cache attribs). We can not
142 * change these attributes once the initial assembly has setup the
145 if (cpu_architecture() >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
) {
146 printk(KERN_WARNING
"Only cachepolicy=writeback supported on ARMv6 and later\n");
147 cachepolicy
= CPOLICY_WRITEBACK
;
150 set_cr(cr_alignment
);
153 early_param("cachepolicy", early_cachepolicy
);
155 static int __init
early_nocache(char *__unused
)
157 char *p
= "buffered";
158 printk(KERN_WARNING
"nocache is deprecated; use cachepolicy=%s\n", p
);
159 early_cachepolicy(p
);
162 early_param("nocache", early_nocache
);
164 static int __init
early_nowrite(char *__unused
)
166 char *p
= "uncached";
167 printk(KERN_WARNING
"nowb is deprecated; use cachepolicy=%s\n", p
);
168 early_cachepolicy(p
);
171 early_param("nowb", early_nowrite
);
173 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
174 static int __init
early_ecc(char *p
)
176 if (memcmp(p
, "on", 2) == 0)
177 ecc_mask
= PMD_PROTECTION
;
178 else if (memcmp(p
, "off", 3) == 0)
182 early_param("ecc", early_ecc
);
185 static int __init
noalign_setup(char *__unused
)
187 cr_alignment
&= ~CR_A
;
188 cr_no_alignment
&= ~CR_A
;
189 set_cr(cr_alignment
);
192 __setup("noalign", noalign_setup
);
195 void adjust_cr(unsigned long mask
, unsigned long set
)
203 local_irq_save(flags
);
205 cr_no_alignment
= (cr_no_alignment
& ~mask
) | set
;
206 cr_alignment
= (cr_alignment
& ~mask
) | set
;
208 set_cr((get_cr() & ~mask
) | set
);
210 local_irq_restore(flags
);
214 #define PROT_PTE_DEVICE L_PTE_PRESENT|L_PTE_YOUNG|L_PTE_DIRTY|L_PTE_XN
215 #define PROT_SECT_DEVICE PMD_TYPE_SECT|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
217 static struct mem_type mem_types
[] = {
218 [MT_DEVICE
] = { /* Strongly ordered / ARMv6 shared device */
219 .prot_pte
= PROT_PTE_DEVICE
| L_PTE_MT_DEV_SHARED
|
221 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
222 .prot_sect
= PROT_SECT_DEVICE
| PMD_SECT_S
,
225 [MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED
] = { /* ARMv6 non-shared device */
226 .prot_pte
= PROT_PTE_DEVICE
| L_PTE_MT_DEV_NONSHARED
,
227 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
228 .prot_sect
= PROT_SECT_DEVICE
,
231 [MT_DEVICE_CACHED
] = { /* ioremap_cached */
232 .prot_pte
= PROT_PTE_DEVICE
| L_PTE_MT_DEV_CACHED
,
233 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
234 .prot_sect
= PROT_SECT_DEVICE
| PMD_SECT_WB
,
237 [MT_DEVICE_WC
] = { /* ioremap_wc */
238 .prot_pte
= PROT_PTE_DEVICE
| L_PTE_MT_DEV_WC
,
239 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
240 .prot_sect
= PROT_SECT_DEVICE
,
244 .prot_pte
= PROT_PTE_DEVICE
,
245 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
246 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
| PMD_SECT_XN
,
250 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
| PMD_SECT_XN
,
251 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
253 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
255 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
| PMD_SECT_XN
| PMD_SECT_MINICACHE
,
256 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
260 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
|
262 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
263 .domain
= DOMAIN_USER
,
265 [MT_HIGH_VECTORS
] = {
266 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
|
267 L_PTE_USER
| L_PTE_RDONLY
,
268 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
269 .domain
= DOMAIN_USER
,
272 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
,
273 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
274 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
275 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
278 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
,
279 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
281 [MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED
] = {
282 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
|
284 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
285 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
286 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
289 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
|
291 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
292 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
| PMD_SECT_XN
,
293 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
296 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
,
297 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
298 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
301 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
|
302 L_PTE_MT_UNCACHED
| L_PTE_XN
,
303 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
304 .prot_sect
= PMD_TYPE_SECT
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
| PMD_SECT_S
|
305 PMD_SECT_UNCACHED
| PMD_SECT_XN
,
306 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
308 [MT_MEMORY_DMA_READY
] = {
309 .prot_pte
= L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| L_PTE_DIRTY
,
310 .prot_l1
= PMD_TYPE_TABLE
,
311 .domain
= DOMAIN_KERNEL
,
315 const struct mem_type
*get_mem_type(unsigned int type
)
317 return type
< ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types
) ? &mem_types
[type
] : NULL
;
319 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_mem_type
);
322 * Adjust the PMD section entries according to the CPU in use.
324 static void __init
build_mem_type_table(void)
326 struct cachepolicy
*cp
;
327 unsigned int cr
= get_cr();
328 pteval_t user_pgprot
, kern_pgprot
, vecs_pgprot
;
329 pteval_t hyp_device_pgprot
, s2_pgprot
, s2_device_pgprot
;
330 int cpu_arch
= cpu_architecture();
333 if (cpu_arch
< CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
) {
334 #if defined(CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE)
335 if (cachepolicy
> CPOLICY_BUFFERED
)
336 cachepolicy
= CPOLICY_BUFFERED
;
337 #elif defined(CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_WRITETHROUGH)
338 if (cachepolicy
> CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH
)
339 cachepolicy
= CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH
;
342 if (cpu_arch
< CPU_ARCH_ARMv5
) {
343 if (cachepolicy
>= CPOLICY_WRITEALLOC
)
344 cachepolicy
= CPOLICY_WRITEBACK
;
348 cachepolicy
= CPOLICY_WRITEALLOC
;
351 * Strip out features not present on earlier architectures.
352 * Pre-ARMv5 CPUs don't have TEX bits. Pre-ARMv6 CPUs or those
353 * without extended page tables don't have the 'Shared' bit.
355 if (cpu_arch
< CPU_ARCH_ARMv5
)
356 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types
); i
++)
357 mem_types
[i
].prot_sect
&= ~PMD_SECT_TEX(7);
358 if ((cpu_arch
< CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
|| !(cr
& CR_XP
)) && !cpu_is_xsc3())
359 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types
); i
++)
360 mem_types
[i
].prot_sect
&= ~PMD_SECT_S
;
363 * ARMv5 and lower, bit 4 must be set for page tables (was: cache
364 * "update-able on write" bit on ARM610). However, Xscale and
365 * Xscale3 require this bit to be cleared.
367 if (cpu_is_xscale() || cpu_is_xsc3()) {
368 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types
); i
++) {
369 mem_types
[i
].prot_sect
&= ~PMD_BIT4
;
370 mem_types
[i
].prot_l1
&= ~PMD_BIT4
;
372 } else if (cpu_arch
< CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
) {
373 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types
); i
++) {
374 if (mem_types
[i
].prot_l1
)
375 mem_types
[i
].prot_l1
|= PMD_BIT4
;
376 if (mem_types
[i
].prot_sect
)
377 mem_types
[i
].prot_sect
|= PMD_BIT4
;
382 * Mark the device areas according to the CPU/architecture.
384 if (cpu_is_xsc3() || (cpu_arch
>= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
&& (cr
& CR_XP
))) {
385 if (!cpu_is_xsc3()) {
387 * Mark device regions on ARMv6+ as execute-never
388 * to prevent speculative instruction fetches.
390 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_XN
;
391 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_XN
;
392 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_CACHED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_XN
;
393 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_WC
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_XN
;
395 if (cpu_arch
>= CPU_ARCH_ARMv7
&& (cr
& CR_TRE
)) {
397 * For ARMv7 with TEX remapping,
398 * - shared device is SXCB=1100
399 * - nonshared device is SXCB=0100
400 * - write combine device mem is SXCB=0001
401 * (Uncached Normal memory)
403 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
404 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
405 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_WC
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_BUFFERABLE
;
406 } else if (cpu_is_xsc3()) {
409 * - shared device is TEXCB=00101
410 * - nonshared device is TEXCB=01000
411 * - write combine device mem is TEXCB=00100
412 * (Inner/Outer Uncacheable in xsc3 parlance)
414 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_TEX(1) | PMD_SECT_BUFFERED
;
415 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_TEX(2);
416 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_WC
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
419 * For ARMv6 and ARMv7 without TEX remapping,
420 * - shared device is TEXCB=00001
421 * - nonshared device is TEXCB=01000
422 * - write combine device mem is TEXCB=00100
423 * (Uncached Normal in ARMv6 parlance).
425 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_BUFFERED
;
426 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_TEX(2);
427 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_WC
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
431 * On others, write combining is "Uncached/Buffered"
433 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_WC
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_BUFFERABLE
;
437 * Now deal with the memory-type mappings
439 cp
= &cache_policies
[cachepolicy
];
440 vecs_pgprot
= kern_pgprot
= user_pgprot
= cp
->pte
;
441 s2_pgprot
= cp
->pte_s2
;
442 hyp_device_pgprot
= s2_device_pgprot
= mem_types
[MT_DEVICE
].prot_pte
;
445 * ARMv6 and above have extended page tables.
447 if (cpu_arch
>= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
&& (cr
& CR_XP
)) {
448 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
450 * Mark cache clean areas and XIP ROM read only
451 * from SVC mode and no access from userspace.
453 mem_types
[MT_ROM
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_APX
|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
;
454 mem_types
[MT_MINICLEAN
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_APX
|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
;
455 mem_types
[MT_CACHECLEAN
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_APX
|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
;
460 * Mark memory with the "shared" attribute
463 user_pgprot
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
464 kern_pgprot
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
465 vecs_pgprot
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
466 s2_pgprot
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
467 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_WC
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_S
;
468 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_WC
].prot_pte
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
469 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_CACHED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_S
;
470 mem_types
[MT_DEVICE_CACHED
].prot_pte
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
471 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_S
;
472 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY
].prot_pte
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
473 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_DMA_READY
].prot_pte
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
474 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_S
;
475 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED
].prot_pte
|= L_PTE_SHARED
;
480 * Non-cacheable Normal - intended for memory areas that must
481 * not cause dirty cache line writebacks when used
483 if (cpu_arch
>= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
) {
484 if (cpu_arch
>= CPU_ARCH_ARMv7
&& (cr
& CR_TRE
)) {
485 /* Non-cacheable Normal is XCB = 001 */
486 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED
].prot_sect
|=
489 /* For both ARMv6 and non-TEX-remapping ARMv7 */
490 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED
].prot_sect
|=
494 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_BUFFERABLE
;
497 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
499 * Do not generate access flag faults for the kernel mappings.
501 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types
); i
++) {
502 mem_types
[i
].prot_pte
|= PTE_EXT_AF
;
503 if (mem_types
[i
].prot_sect
)
504 mem_types
[i
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_AF
;
506 kern_pgprot
|= PTE_EXT_AF
;
507 vecs_pgprot
|= PTE_EXT_AF
;
510 for (i
= 0; i
< 16; i
++) {
511 pteval_t v
= pgprot_val(protection_map
[i
]);
512 protection_map
[i
] = __pgprot(v
| user_pgprot
);
515 mem_types
[MT_LOW_VECTORS
].prot_pte
|= vecs_pgprot
;
516 mem_types
[MT_HIGH_VECTORS
].prot_pte
|= vecs_pgprot
;
518 pgprot_user
= __pgprot(L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| user_pgprot
);
519 pgprot_kernel
= __pgprot(L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
|
520 L_PTE_DIRTY
| kern_pgprot
);
521 pgprot_s2
= __pgprot(L_PTE_PRESENT
| L_PTE_YOUNG
| s2_pgprot
);
522 pgprot_s2_device
= __pgprot(s2_device_pgprot
);
523 pgprot_hyp_device
= __pgprot(hyp_device_pgprot
);
525 mem_types
[MT_LOW_VECTORS
].prot_l1
|= ecc_mask
;
526 mem_types
[MT_HIGH_VECTORS
].prot_l1
|= ecc_mask
;
527 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY
].prot_sect
|= ecc_mask
| cp
->pmd
;
528 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY
].prot_pte
|= kern_pgprot
;
529 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_DMA_READY
].prot_pte
|= kern_pgprot
;
530 mem_types
[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED
].prot_sect
|= ecc_mask
;
531 mem_types
[MT_ROM
].prot_sect
|= cp
->pmd
;
535 mem_types
[MT_CACHECLEAN
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_WT
;
539 mem_types
[MT_CACHECLEAN
].prot_sect
|= PMD_SECT_WB
;
542 printk("Memory policy: ECC %sabled, Data cache %s\n",
543 ecc_mask
? "en" : "dis", cp
->policy
);
545 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types
); i
++) {
546 struct mem_type
*t
= &mem_types
[i
];
548 t
->prot_l1
|= PMD_DOMAIN(t
->domain
);
550 t
->prot_sect
|= PMD_DOMAIN(t
->domain
);
554 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_DMA_MEM_BUFFERABLE
555 pgprot_t
phys_mem_access_prot(struct file
*file
, unsigned long pfn
,
556 unsigned long size
, pgprot_t vma_prot
)
559 return pgprot_noncached(vma_prot
);
560 else if (file
->f_flags
& O_SYNC
)
561 return pgprot_writecombine(vma_prot
);
564 EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_mem_access_prot
);
567 #define vectors_base() (vectors_high() ? 0xffff0000 : 0)
569 static void __init
*early_alloc_aligned(unsigned long sz
, unsigned long align
)
571 void *ptr
= __va(memblock_alloc(sz
, align
));
576 static void __init
*early_alloc(unsigned long sz
)
578 return early_alloc_aligned(sz
, sz
);
581 static pte_t
* __init
early_pte_alloc(pmd_t
*pmd
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long prot
)
583 if (pmd_none(*pmd
)) {
584 pte_t
*pte
= early_alloc(PTE_HWTABLE_OFF
+ PTE_HWTABLE_SIZE
);
585 __pmd_populate(pmd
, __pa(pte
), prot
);
587 BUG_ON(pmd_bad(*pmd
));
588 return pte_offset_kernel(pmd
, addr
);
591 static void __init
alloc_init_pte(pmd_t
*pmd
, unsigned long addr
,
592 unsigned long end
, unsigned long pfn
,
593 const struct mem_type
*type
)
595 pte_t
*pte
= early_pte_alloc(pmd
, addr
, type
->prot_l1
);
597 set_pte_ext(pte
, pfn_pte(pfn
, __pgprot(type
->prot_pte
)), 0);
599 } while (pte
++, addr
+= PAGE_SIZE
, addr
!= end
);
602 static void __init
map_init_section(pmd_t
*pmd
, unsigned long addr
,
603 unsigned long end
, phys_addr_t phys
,
604 const struct mem_type
*type
)
606 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
608 * In classic MMU format, puds and pmds are folded in to
609 * the pgds. pmd_offset gives the PGD entry. PGDs refer to a
610 * group of L1 entries making up one logical pointer to
611 * an L2 table (2MB), where as PMDs refer to the individual
612 * L1 entries (1MB). Hence increment to get the correct
613 * offset for odd 1MB sections.
614 * (See arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable-2level.h)
616 if (addr
& SECTION_SIZE
)
620 *pmd
= __pmd(phys
| type
->prot_sect
);
621 phys
+= SECTION_SIZE
;
622 } while (pmd
++, addr
+= SECTION_SIZE
, addr
!= end
);
624 flush_pmd_entry(pmd
);
627 static void __init
alloc_init_pmd(pud_t
*pud
, unsigned long addr
,
628 unsigned long end
, phys_addr_t phys
,
629 const struct mem_type
*type
)
631 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
636 * With LPAE, we must loop over to map
637 * all the pmds for the given range.
639 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
642 * Try a section mapping - addr, next and phys must all be
643 * aligned to a section boundary.
645 if (type
->prot_sect
&&
646 ((addr
| next
| phys
) & ~SECTION_MASK
) == 0) {
647 map_init_section(pmd
, addr
, next
, phys
, type
);
649 alloc_init_pte(pmd
, addr
, next
,
650 __phys_to_pfn(phys
), type
);
655 } while (pmd
++, addr
= next
, addr
!= end
);
658 static void __init
alloc_init_pud(pgd_t
*pgd
, unsigned long addr
,
659 unsigned long end
, unsigned long phys
, const struct mem_type
*type
)
661 pud_t
*pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, addr
);
665 next
= pud_addr_end(addr
, end
);
666 alloc_init_pmd(pud
, addr
, next
, phys
, type
);
668 } while (pud
++, addr
= next
, addr
!= end
);
671 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
672 static void __init
create_36bit_mapping(struct map_desc
*md
,
673 const struct mem_type
*type
)
675 unsigned long addr
, length
, end
;
680 phys
= __pfn_to_phys(md
->pfn
);
681 length
= PAGE_ALIGN(md
->length
);
683 if (!(cpu_architecture() >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
|| cpu_is_xsc3())) {
684 printk(KERN_ERR
"MM: CPU does not support supersection "
685 "mapping for 0x%08llx at 0x%08lx\n",
686 (long long)__pfn_to_phys((u64
)md
->pfn
), addr
);
690 /* N.B. ARMv6 supersections are only defined to work with domain 0.
691 * Since domain assignments can in fact be arbitrary, the
692 * 'domain == 0' check below is required to insure that ARMv6
693 * supersections are only allocated for domain 0 regardless
694 * of the actual domain assignments in use.
697 printk(KERN_ERR
"MM: invalid domain in supersection "
698 "mapping for 0x%08llx at 0x%08lx\n",
699 (long long)__pfn_to_phys((u64
)md
->pfn
), addr
);
703 if ((addr
| length
| __pfn_to_phys(md
->pfn
)) & ~SUPERSECTION_MASK
) {
704 printk(KERN_ERR
"MM: cannot create mapping for 0x%08llx"
705 " at 0x%08lx invalid alignment\n",
706 (long long)__pfn_to_phys((u64
)md
->pfn
), addr
);
711 * Shift bits [35:32] of address into bits [23:20] of PMD
714 phys
|= (((md
->pfn
>> (32 - PAGE_SHIFT
)) & 0xF) << 20);
716 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
719 pud_t
*pud
= pud_offset(pgd
, addr
);
720 pmd_t
*pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
723 for (i
= 0; i
< 16; i
++)
724 *pmd
++ = __pmd(phys
| type
->prot_sect
| PMD_SECT_SUPER
);
726 addr
+= SUPERSECTION_SIZE
;
727 phys
+= SUPERSECTION_SIZE
;
728 pgd
+= SUPERSECTION_SIZE
>> PGDIR_SHIFT
;
729 } while (addr
!= end
);
731 #endif /* !CONFIG_ARM_LPAE */
734 * Create the page directory entries and any necessary
735 * page tables for the mapping specified by `md'. We
736 * are able to cope here with varying sizes and address
737 * offsets, and we take full advantage of sections and
740 static void __init
create_mapping(struct map_desc
*md
)
742 unsigned long addr
, length
, end
;
744 const struct mem_type
*type
;
747 if (md
->virtual != vectors_base() && md
->virtual < TASK_SIZE
) {
748 printk(KERN_WARNING
"BUG: not creating mapping for 0x%08llx"
749 " at 0x%08lx in user region\n",
750 (long long)__pfn_to_phys((u64
)md
->pfn
), md
->virtual);
754 if ((md
->type
== MT_DEVICE
|| md
->type
== MT_ROM
) &&
755 md
->virtual >= PAGE_OFFSET
&&
756 (md
->virtual < VMALLOC_START
|| md
->virtual >= VMALLOC_END
)) {
757 printk(KERN_WARNING
"BUG: mapping for 0x%08llx"
758 " at 0x%08lx out of vmalloc space\n",
759 (long long)__pfn_to_phys((u64
)md
->pfn
), md
->virtual);
762 type
= &mem_types
[md
->type
];
764 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
766 * Catch 36-bit addresses
768 if (md
->pfn
>= 0x100000) {
769 create_36bit_mapping(md
, type
);
774 addr
= md
->virtual & PAGE_MASK
;
775 phys
= __pfn_to_phys(md
->pfn
);
776 length
= PAGE_ALIGN(md
->length
+ (md
->virtual & ~PAGE_MASK
));
778 if (type
->prot_l1
== 0 && ((addr
| phys
| length
) & ~SECTION_MASK
)) {
779 printk(KERN_WARNING
"BUG: map for 0x%08llx at 0x%08lx can not "
780 "be mapped using pages, ignoring.\n",
781 (long long)__pfn_to_phys(md
->pfn
), addr
);
785 pgd
= pgd_offset_k(addr
);
788 unsigned long next
= pgd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
790 alloc_init_pud(pgd
, addr
, next
, phys
, type
);
794 } while (pgd
++, addr
!= end
);
798 * Create the architecture specific mappings
800 void __init
iotable_init(struct map_desc
*io_desc
, int nr
)
803 struct vm_struct
*vm
;
804 struct static_vm
*svm
;
809 svm
= early_alloc_aligned(sizeof(*svm
) * nr
, __alignof__(*svm
));
811 for (md
= io_desc
; nr
; md
++, nr
--) {
815 vm
->addr
= (void *)(md
->virtual & PAGE_MASK
);
816 vm
->size
= PAGE_ALIGN(md
->length
+ (md
->virtual & ~PAGE_MASK
));
817 vm
->phys_addr
= __pfn_to_phys(md
->pfn
);
818 vm
->flags
= VM_IOREMAP
| VM_ARM_STATIC_MAPPING
;
819 vm
->flags
|= VM_ARM_MTYPE(md
->type
);
820 vm
->caller
= iotable_init
;
821 add_static_vm_early(svm
++);
825 void __init
vm_reserve_area_early(unsigned long addr
, unsigned long size
,
828 struct vm_struct
*vm
;
829 struct static_vm
*svm
;
831 svm
= early_alloc_aligned(sizeof(*svm
), __alignof__(*svm
));
834 vm
->addr
= (void *)addr
;
836 vm
->flags
= VM_IOREMAP
| VM_ARM_EMPTY_MAPPING
;
838 add_static_vm_early(svm
);
841 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
844 * The Linux PMD is made of two consecutive section entries covering 2MB
845 * (see definition in include/asm/pgtable-2level.h). However a call to
846 * create_mapping() may optimize static mappings by using individual
847 * 1MB section mappings. This leaves the actual PMD potentially half
848 * initialized if the top or bottom section entry isn't used, leaving it
849 * open to problems if a subsequent ioremap() or vmalloc() tries to use
850 * the virtual space left free by that unused section entry.
852 * Let's avoid the issue by inserting dummy vm entries covering the unused
853 * PMD halves once the static mappings are in place.
856 static void __init
pmd_empty_section_gap(unsigned long addr
)
858 vm_reserve_area_early(addr
, SECTION_SIZE
, pmd_empty_section_gap
);
861 static void __init
fill_pmd_gaps(void)
863 struct static_vm
*svm
;
864 struct vm_struct
*vm
;
865 unsigned long addr
, next
= 0;
868 list_for_each_entry(svm
, &static_vmlist
, list
) {
870 addr
= (unsigned long)vm
->addr
;
875 * Check if this vm starts on an odd section boundary.
876 * If so and the first section entry for this PMD is free
877 * then we block the corresponding virtual address.
879 if ((addr
& ~PMD_MASK
) == SECTION_SIZE
) {
880 pmd
= pmd_off_k(addr
);
882 pmd_empty_section_gap(addr
& PMD_MASK
);
886 * Then check if this vm ends on an odd section boundary.
887 * If so and the second section entry for this PMD is empty
888 * then we block the corresponding virtual address.
891 if ((addr
& ~PMD_MASK
) == SECTION_SIZE
) {
892 pmd
= pmd_off_k(addr
) + 1;
894 pmd_empty_section_gap(addr
);
897 /* no need to look at any vm entry until we hit the next PMD */
898 next
= (addr
+ PMD_SIZE
- 1) & PMD_MASK
;
903 #define fill_pmd_gaps() do { } while (0)
906 #if defined(CONFIG_PCI) && !defined(CONFIG_NEED_MACH_IO_H)
907 static void __init
pci_reserve_io(void)
909 struct static_vm
*svm
;
911 svm
= find_static_vm_vaddr((void *)PCI_IO_VIRT_BASE
);
915 vm_reserve_area_early(PCI_IO_VIRT_BASE
, SZ_2M
, pci_reserve_io
);
918 #define pci_reserve_io() do { } while (0)
921 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
922 void __init
debug_ll_io_init(void)
926 debug_ll_addr(&map
.pfn
, &map
.virtual);
927 if (!map
.pfn
|| !map
.virtual)
929 map
.pfn
= __phys_to_pfn(map
.pfn
);
930 map
.virtual &= PAGE_MASK
;
931 map
.length
= PAGE_SIZE
;
932 map
.type
= MT_DEVICE
;
933 create_mapping(&map
);
937 static void * __initdata vmalloc_min
=
938 (void *)(VMALLOC_END
- (240 << 20) - VMALLOC_OFFSET
);
941 * vmalloc=size forces the vmalloc area to be exactly 'size'
942 * bytes. This can be used to increase (or decrease) the vmalloc
943 * area - the default is 240m.
945 static int __init
early_vmalloc(char *arg
)
947 unsigned long vmalloc_reserve
= memparse(arg
, NULL
);
949 if (vmalloc_reserve
< SZ_16M
) {
950 vmalloc_reserve
= SZ_16M
;
952 "vmalloc area too small, limiting to %luMB\n",
953 vmalloc_reserve
>> 20);
956 if (vmalloc_reserve
> VMALLOC_END
- (PAGE_OFFSET
+ SZ_32M
)) {
957 vmalloc_reserve
= VMALLOC_END
- (PAGE_OFFSET
+ SZ_32M
);
959 "vmalloc area is too big, limiting to %luMB\n",
960 vmalloc_reserve
>> 20);
963 vmalloc_min
= (void *)(VMALLOC_END
- vmalloc_reserve
);
966 early_param("vmalloc", early_vmalloc
);
968 phys_addr_t arm_lowmem_limit __initdata
= 0;
970 void __init
sanity_check_meminfo(void)
972 int i
, j
, highmem
= 0;
974 for (i
= 0, j
= 0; i
< meminfo
.nr_banks
; i
++) {
975 struct membank
*bank
= &meminfo
.bank
[j
];
976 *bank
= meminfo
.bank
[i
];
978 if (bank
->start
> ULONG_MAX
)
981 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
982 if (__va(bank
->start
) >= vmalloc_min
||
983 __va(bank
->start
) < (void *)PAGE_OFFSET
)
986 bank
->highmem
= highmem
;
989 * Split those memory banks which are partially overlapping
990 * the vmalloc area greatly simplifying things later.
992 if (!highmem
&& __va(bank
->start
) < vmalloc_min
&&
993 bank
->size
> vmalloc_min
- __va(bank
->start
)) {
994 if (meminfo
.nr_banks
>= NR_BANKS
) {
995 printk(KERN_CRIT
"NR_BANKS too low, "
996 "ignoring high memory\n");
998 memmove(bank
+ 1, bank
,
999 (meminfo
.nr_banks
- i
) * sizeof(*bank
));
1002 bank
[1].size
-= vmalloc_min
- __va(bank
->start
);
1003 bank
[1].start
= __pa(vmalloc_min
- 1) + 1;
1004 bank
[1].highmem
= highmem
= 1;
1007 bank
->size
= vmalloc_min
- __va(bank
->start
);
1010 bank
->highmem
= highmem
;
1013 * Highmem banks not allowed with !CONFIG_HIGHMEM.
1016 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Ignoring RAM at %.8llx-%.8llx "
1017 "(!CONFIG_HIGHMEM).\n",
1018 (unsigned long long)bank
->start
,
1019 (unsigned long long)bank
->start
+ bank
->size
- 1);
1024 * Check whether this memory bank would entirely overlap
1027 if (__va(bank
->start
) >= vmalloc_min
||
1028 __va(bank
->start
) < (void *)PAGE_OFFSET
) {
1029 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Ignoring RAM at %.8llx-%.8llx "
1030 "(vmalloc region overlap).\n",
1031 (unsigned long long)bank
->start
,
1032 (unsigned long long)bank
->start
+ bank
->size
- 1);
1037 * Check whether this memory bank would partially overlap
1040 if (__va(bank
->start
+ bank
->size
- 1) >= vmalloc_min
||
1041 __va(bank
->start
+ bank
->size
- 1) <= __va(bank
->start
)) {
1042 unsigned long newsize
= vmalloc_min
- __va(bank
->start
);
1043 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Truncating RAM at %.8llx-%.8llx "
1044 "to -%.8llx (vmalloc region overlap).\n",
1045 (unsigned long long)bank
->start
,
1046 (unsigned long long)bank
->start
+ bank
->size
- 1,
1047 (unsigned long long)bank
->start
+ newsize
- 1);
1048 bank
->size
= newsize
;
1051 if (!bank
->highmem
&& bank
->start
+ bank
->size
> arm_lowmem_limit
)
1052 arm_lowmem_limit
= bank
->start
+ bank
->size
;
1056 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
1058 const char *reason
= NULL
;
1060 if (cache_is_vipt_aliasing()) {
1062 * Interactions between kmap and other mappings
1063 * make highmem support with aliasing VIPT caches
1066 reason
= "with VIPT aliasing cache";
1069 printk(KERN_CRIT
"HIGHMEM is not supported %s, ignoring high memory\n",
1071 while (j
> 0 && meminfo
.bank
[j
- 1].highmem
)
1076 meminfo
.nr_banks
= j
;
1077 high_memory
= __va(arm_lowmem_limit
- 1) + 1;
1078 memblock_set_current_limit(arm_lowmem_limit
);
1081 static inline void prepare_page_table(void)
1087 * Clear out all the mappings below the kernel image.
1089 for (addr
= 0; addr
< MODULES_VADDR
; addr
+= PMD_SIZE
)
1090 pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr
));
1092 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
1093 /* The XIP kernel is mapped in the module area -- skip over it */
1094 addr
= ((unsigned long)_etext
+ PMD_SIZE
- 1) & PMD_MASK
;
1096 for ( ; addr
< PAGE_OFFSET
; addr
+= PMD_SIZE
)
1097 pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr
));
1100 * Find the end of the first block of lowmem.
1102 end
= memblock
.memory
.regions
[0].base
+ memblock
.memory
.regions
[0].size
;
1103 if (end
>= arm_lowmem_limit
)
1104 end
= arm_lowmem_limit
;
1107 * Clear out all the kernel space mappings, except for the first
1108 * memory bank, up to the vmalloc region.
1110 for (addr
= __phys_to_virt(end
);
1111 addr
< VMALLOC_START
; addr
+= PMD_SIZE
)
1112 pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr
));
1115 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
1116 /* the first page is reserved for pgd */
1117 #define SWAPPER_PG_DIR_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE + \
1118 PTRS_PER_PGD * PTRS_PER_PMD * sizeof(pmd_t))
1120 #define SWAPPER_PG_DIR_SIZE (PTRS_PER_PGD * sizeof(pgd_t))
1124 * Reserve the special regions of memory
1126 void __init
arm_mm_memblock_reserve(void)
1129 * Reserve the page tables. These are already in use,
1130 * and can only be in node 0.
1132 memblock_reserve(__pa(swapper_pg_dir
), SWAPPER_PG_DIR_SIZE
);
1134 #ifdef CONFIG_SA1111
1136 * Because of the SA1111 DMA bug, we want to preserve our
1137 * precious DMA-able memory...
1139 memblock_reserve(PHYS_OFFSET
, __pa(swapper_pg_dir
) - PHYS_OFFSET
);
1144 * Set up the device mappings. Since we clear out the page tables for all
1145 * mappings above VMALLOC_START, we will remove any debug device mappings.
1146 * This means you have to be careful how you debug this function, or any
1147 * called function. This means you can't use any function or debugging
1148 * method which may touch any device, otherwise the kernel _will_ crash.
1150 static void __init
devicemaps_init(struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
1152 struct map_desc map
;
1157 * Allocate the vector page early.
1159 vectors
= early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE
);
1161 early_trap_init(vectors
);
1163 for (addr
= VMALLOC_START
; addr
; addr
+= PMD_SIZE
)
1164 pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr
));
1167 * Map the kernel if it is XIP.
1168 * It is always first in the modulearea.
1170 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
1171 map
.pfn
= __phys_to_pfn(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR
& SECTION_MASK
);
1172 map
.virtual = MODULES_VADDR
;
1173 map
.length
= ((unsigned long)_etext
- map
.virtual + ~SECTION_MASK
) & SECTION_MASK
;
1175 create_mapping(&map
);
1179 * Map the cache flushing regions.
1182 map
.pfn
= __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS
);
1183 map
.virtual = FLUSH_BASE
;
1185 map
.type
= MT_CACHECLEAN
;
1186 create_mapping(&map
);
1188 #ifdef FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE
1189 map
.pfn
= __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS
+ SZ_1M
);
1190 map
.virtual = FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE
;
1192 map
.type
= MT_MINICLEAN
;
1193 create_mapping(&map
);
1197 * Create a mapping for the machine vectors at the high-vectors
1198 * location (0xffff0000). If we aren't using high-vectors, also
1199 * create a mapping at the low-vectors virtual address.
1201 map
.pfn
= __phys_to_pfn(virt_to_phys(vectors
));
1202 map
.virtual = 0xffff0000;
1203 map
.length
= PAGE_SIZE
;
1204 map
.type
= MT_HIGH_VECTORS
;
1205 create_mapping(&map
);
1207 if (!vectors_high()) {
1209 map
.type
= MT_LOW_VECTORS
;
1210 create_mapping(&map
);
1214 * Ask the machine support to map in the statically mapped devices.
1220 /* Reserve fixed i/o space in VMALLOC region */
1224 * Finally flush the caches and tlb to ensure that we're in a
1225 * consistent state wrt the writebuffer. This also ensures that
1226 * any write-allocated cache lines in the vector page are written
1227 * back. After this point, we can start to touch devices again.
1229 local_flush_tlb_all();
1233 static void __init
kmap_init(void)
1235 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
1236 pkmap_page_table
= early_pte_alloc(pmd_off_k(PKMAP_BASE
),
1237 PKMAP_BASE
, _PAGE_KERNEL_TABLE
);
1241 static void __init
map_lowmem(void)
1243 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
1245 /* Map all the lowmem memory banks. */
1246 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
1247 phys_addr_t start
= reg
->base
;
1248 phys_addr_t end
= start
+ reg
->size
;
1249 struct map_desc map
;
1251 if (end
> arm_lowmem_limit
)
1252 end
= arm_lowmem_limit
;
1256 map
.pfn
= __phys_to_pfn(start
);
1257 map
.virtual = __phys_to_virt(start
);
1258 map
.length
= end
- start
;
1259 map
.type
= MT_MEMORY
;
1261 create_mapping(&map
);
1266 * paging_init() sets up the page tables, initialises the zone memory
1267 * maps, and sets up the zero page, bad page and bad page tables.
1269 void __init
paging_init(struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
1273 memblock_set_current_limit(arm_lowmem_limit
);
1275 build_mem_type_table();
1276 prepare_page_table();
1278 dma_contiguous_remap();
1279 devicemaps_init(mdesc
);
1283 top_pmd
= pmd_off_k(0xffff0000);
1285 /* allocate the zero page. */
1286 zero_page
= early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE
);
1290 empty_zero_page
= virt_to_page(zero_page
);
1291 __flush_dcache_page(NULL
, empty_zero_page
);