5.4/php/database-access/index.html

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 206         Getting Started
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 228         PHP API
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 231       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="PHP API" data-md-level="1">
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 234           PHP API
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 243       <a href="../pages/" class="md-nav__link">
 244         Pages
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 246     </li>
 247
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 249
 250
 251
 252
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 254     <li class="md-nav__item">
 255       <a href="../database-objects/" class="md-nav__link">
 256         Database Objects
 257       </a>
 258     </li>
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276         <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
 277           Database Access
 278           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 279         </label>
 280
 281       <a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
 282         Database Access
 283       </a>
 284
 285
 286 <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293     <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
 294       <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 295       Table of contents
 296     </label>
 297     <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
 298
 299         <li class="md-nav__item">
 300   <a href="#the-preparedstatement-object" class="md-nav__link">
 301     The PreparedStatement Object
 302   </a>
 303
 304     <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="The PreparedStatement Object">
 305       <ul class="md-nav__list">
 306
 307           <li class="md-nav__item">
 308   <a href="#query-parameters" class="md-nav__link">
 309     Query Parameters
 310   </a>
 311
 312 </li>
 313
 314           <li class="md-nav__item">
 315   <a href="#fetching-a-single-result" class="md-nav__link">
 316     Fetching a Single Result
 317   </a>
 318
 319 </li>
 320
 321           <li class="md-nav__item">
 322   <a href="#fetch-by-column" class="md-nav__link">
 323     Fetch by Column
 324   </a>
 325
 326 </li>
 327
 328           <li class="md-nav__item">
 329   <a href="#fetching-all-results" class="md-nav__link">
 330     Fetching All Results
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 332
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 335       </ul>
 336     </nav>
 337
 338 </li>
 339
 340         <li class="md-nav__item">
 341   <a href="#building-complex-conditions" class="md-nav__link">
 342     Building Complex Conditions
 343   </a>
 344
 345 </li>
 346
 347         <li class="md-nav__item">
 348   <a href="#insert-or-update-in-bulk" class="md-nav__link">
 349     INSERT or UPDATE in Bulk
 350   </a>
 351
 352 </li>
 353
 354     </ul>
 355
 356 </nav>
 357
 358     </li>
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366     <li class="md-nav__item">
 367       <a href="../exceptions/" class="md-nav__link">
 368         Exceptions
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 380
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 383
 384       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_5">
 385         API
 386         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 387       </label>
 388       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="API" data-md-level="2">
 389         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_5">
 390           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 391           API
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 393         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
 401
 402
 403         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_2_5_1" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_5_1" >
 404
 405       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_5_1">
 406         Caches
 407         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 408       </label>
 409       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Caches" data-md-level="3">
 410         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_5_1">
 411           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 412           Caches
 413         </label>
 414         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420     <li class="md-nav__item">
 421       <a href="../api/caches/" class="md-nav__link">
 422         Overview
 423       </a>
 424     </li>
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432     <li class="md-nav__item">
 433       <a href="../api/caches_persistent-caches/" class="md-nav__link">
 434         Persistent Caches
 435       </a>
 436     </li>
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444     <li class="md-nav__item">
 445       <a href="../api/caches_runtime-caches/" class="md-nav__link">
 446         Runtime Caches
 447       </a>
 448     </li>
 449
 450
 451
 452         </ul>
 453       </nav>
 454     </li>
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462     <li class="md-nav__item">
 463       <a href="../api/comments/" class="md-nav__link">
 464         Comments
 465       </a>
 466     </li>
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474     <li class="md-nav__item">
 475       <a href="../api/cronjobs/" class="md-nav__link">
 476         Cronjobs
 477       </a>
 478     </li>
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486     <li class="md-nav__item">
 487       <a href="../api/events/" class="md-nav__link">
 488         Events
 489       </a>
 490     </li>
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
 500
 501
 502         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_2_5_5" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_5_5" >
 503
 504       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_5_5">
 505         Form Builder
 506         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 507       </label>
 508       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Form Builder" data-md-level="3">
 509         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_5_5">
 510           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 511           Form Builder
 512         </label>
 513         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519     <li class="md-nav__item">
 520       <a href="../api/form_builder/overview/" class="md-nav__link">
 521         Overview
 522       </a>
 523     </li>
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531     <li class="md-nav__item">
 532       <a href="../api/form_builder/structure/" class="md-nav__link">
 533         Structure
 534       </a>
 535     </li>
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543     <li class="md-nav__item">
 544       <a href="../api/form_builder/form_fields/" class="md-nav__link">
 545         Fields
 546       </a>
 547     </li>
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555     <li class="md-nav__item">
 556       <a href="../api/form_builder/validation_data/" class="md-nav__link">
 557         Validation and Data
 558       </a>
 559     </li>
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567     <li class="md-nav__item">
 568       <a href="../api/form_builder/dependencies/" class="md-nav__link">
 569         Dependencies
 570       </a>
 571     </li>
 572
 573
 574
 575         </ul>
 576       </nav>
 577     </li>
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585     <li class="md-nav__item">
 586       <a href="../api/package_installation_plugins/" class="md-nav__link">
 587         Package Installation Plugins
 588       </a>
 589     </li>
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597     <li class="md-nav__item">
 598       <a href="../api/user_activity_points/" class="md-nav__link">
 599         User Activity Points
 600       </a>
 601     </li>
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609     <li class="md-nav__item">
 610       <a href="../api/user_notifications/" class="md-nav__link">
 611         User Notifications
 612       </a>
 613     </li>
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621     <li class="md-nav__item">
 622       <a href="../api/sitemaps/" class="md-nav__link">
 623         Sitemaps
 624       </a>
 625     </li>
 626
 627
 628
 629         </ul>
 630       </nav>
 631     </li>
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639     <li class="md-nav__item">
 640       <a href="../code-style/" class="md-nav__link">
 641         Code Style
 642       </a>
 643     </li>
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651     <li class="md-nav__item">
 652       <a href="../apps/" class="md-nav__link">
 653         Apps
 654       </a>
 655     </li>
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663     <li class="md-nav__item">
 664       <a href="../gdpr/" class="md-nav__link">
 665         GDPR
 666       </a>
 667     </li>
 668
 669
 670
 671         </ul>
 672       </nav>
 673     </li>
 674
 675
 676
 677
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 680
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 689
 690       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3">
 691         Languages, Templates & CSS
 692         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 693       </label>
 694       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Languages, Templates & CSS" data-md-level="1">
 695         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
 696           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 697           Languages, Templates & CSS
 698         </label>
 699         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705     <li class="md-nav__item">
 706       <a href="../../view/languages/" class="md-nav__link">
 707         Languages
 708       </a>
 709     </li>
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717     <li class="md-nav__item">
 718       <a href="../../view/templates/" class="md-nav__link">
 719         Templates
 720       </a>
 721     </li>
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729     <li class="md-nav__item">
 730       <a href="../../view/template-plugins/" class="md-nav__link">
 731         Template Plugins
 732       </a>
 733     </li>
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741     <li class="md-nav__item">
 742       <a href="../../view/css/" class="md-nav__link">
 743         CSS
 744       </a>
 745     </li>
 746
 747
 748
 749         </ul>
 750       </nav>
 751     </li>
 752
 753
 754
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 763     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
 764
 765
 766         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
 767
 768       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4">
 769         TypeScript and JavaScript API
 770         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 771       </label>
 772       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="TypeScript and JavaScript API" data-md-level="1">
 773         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
 774           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 775           TypeScript and JavaScript API
 776         </label>
 777         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783     <li class="md-nav__item">
 784       <a href="../../javascript/general-usage/" class="md-nav__link">
 785         General Usage
 786       </a>
 787     </li>
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795     <li class="md-nav__item">
 796       <a href="../../javascript/typescript/" class="md-nav__link">
 797         TypeScript
 798       </a>
 799     </li>
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
 809
 810
 811         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_4_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_3" >
 812
 813       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_3">
 814         New API
 815         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 816       </label>
 817       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="New API" data-md-level="2">
 818         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_3">
 819           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 820           New API
 821         </label>
 822         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828     <li class="md-nav__item">
 829       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_writing-a-module/" class="md-nav__link">
 830         Writing a module
 831       </a>
 832     </li>
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840     <li class="md-nav__item">
 841       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_data-structures/" class="md-nav__link">
 842         Data Structures
 843       </a>
 844     </li>
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852     <li class="md-nav__item">
 853       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_core/" class="md-nav__link">
 854         Core Functions
 855       </a>
 856     </li>
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864     <li class="md-nav__item">
 865       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_dom/" class="md-nav__link">
 866         DOM
 867       </a>
 868     </li>
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876     <li class="md-nav__item">
 877       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_events/" class="md-nav__link">
 878         Event Handling
 879       </a>
 880     </li>
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888     <li class="md-nav__item">
 889       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_ajax/" class="md-nav__link">
 890         Ajax
 891       </a>
 892     </li>
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900     <li class="md-nav__item">
 901       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_dialogs/" class="md-nav__link">
 902         Dialogs
 903       </a>
 904     </li>
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912     <li class="md-nav__item">
 913       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_browser/" class="md-nav__link">
 914         Browser and Screen Sizes
 915       </a>
 916     </li>
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924     <li class="md-nav__item">
 925       <a href="../../javascript/new-api_ui/" class="md-nav__link">
 926         User Interface
 927       </a>
 928     </li>
 929
 930
 931
 932         </ul>
 933       </nav>
 934     </li>
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942     <li class="md-nav__item">
 943       <a href="../../javascript/legacy-api/" class="md-nav__link">
 944         Legacy API
 945       </a>
 946     </li>
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954     <li class="md-nav__item">
 955       <a href="../../javascript/helper-functions/" class="md-nav__link">
 956         Helper Functions
 957       </a>
 958     </li>
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966     <li class="md-nav__item">
 967       <a href="../../javascript/code-snippets/" class="md-nav__link">
 968         Code Snippets
 969       </a>
 970     </li>
 971
 972
 973
 974         </ul>
 975       </nav>
 976     </li>
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
 989
 990
 991         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_5" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
 992
 993       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5">
 994         Package Components
 995         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
 996       </label>
 997       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Package Components" data-md-level="1">
 998         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
 999           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1000           Package Components
1001         </label>
1002         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008     <li class="md-nav__item">
1009       <a href="../../package/package-xml/" class="md-nav__link">
1010         package.xml
1011       </a>
1012     </li>
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
1022
1023
1024         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_5_2" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_2" >
1025
1026       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_2">
1027         PIPs
1028         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1029       </label>
1030       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="PIPs" data-md-level="2">
1031         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_2">
1032           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1033           PIPs
1034         </label>
1035         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041     <li class="md-nav__item">
1042       <a href="../../package/pip/" class="md-nav__link">
1043         Overview
1044       </a>
1045     </li>
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053     <li class="md-nav__item">
1054       <a href="../../package/pip/acl-option/" class="md-nav__link">
1055         aclOption
1056       </a>
1057     </li>
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065     <li class="md-nav__item">
1066       <a href="../../package/pip/acp-menu/" class="md-nav__link">
1067         acpMenu
1068       </a>
1069     </li>
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077     <li class="md-nav__item">
1078       <a href="../../package/pip/acp-search-provider/" class="md-nav__link">
1079         acpSearchProvider
1080       </a>
1081     </li>
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089     <li class="md-nav__item">
1090       <a href="../../package/pip/acp-template/" class="md-nav__link">
1091         acpTemplate
1092       </a>
1093     </li>
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101     <li class="md-nav__item">
1102       <a href="../../package/pip/bbcode/" class="md-nav__link">
1103         bbcode
1104       </a>
1105     </li>
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113     <li class="md-nav__item">
1114       <a href="../../package/pip/box/" class="md-nav__link">
1115         box
1116       </a>
1117     </li>
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125     <li class="md-nav__item">
1126       <a href="../../package/pip/clipboard-action/" class="md-nav__link">
1127         clipboardAction
1128       </a>
1129     </li>
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137     <li class="md-nav__item">
1138       <a href="../../package/pip/core-object/" class="md-nav__link">
1139         coreObject
1140       </a>
1141     </li>
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149     <li class="md-nav__item">
1150       <a href="../../package/pip/cronjob/" class="md-nav__link">
1151         cronjob
1152       </a>
1153     </li>
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161     <li class="md-nav__item">
1162       <a href="../../package/pip/database/" class="md-nav__link">
1163         database
1164       </a>
1165     </li>
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173     <li class="md-nav__item">
1174       <a href="../../package/pip/event-listener/" class="md-nav__link">
1175         eventListener
1176       </a>
1177     </li>
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185     <li class="md-nav__item">
1186       <a href="../../package/pip/file/" class="md-nav__link">
1187         file
1188       </a>
1189     </li>
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197     <li class="md-nav__item">
1198       <a href="../../package/pip/language/" class="md-nav__link">
1199         language
1200       </a>
1201     </li>
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209     <li class="md-nav__item">
1210       <a href="../../package/pip/media-provider/" class="md-nav__link">
1211         mediaProvider
1212       </a>
1213     </li>
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221     <li class="md-nav__item">
1222       <a href="../../package/pip/menu/" class="md-nav__link">
1223         menu
1224       </a>
1225     </li>
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233     <li class="md-nav__item">
1234       <a href="../../package/pip/menu-item/" class="md-nav__link">
1235         menuItem
1236       </a>
1237     </li>
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245     <li class="md-nav__item">
1246       <a href="../../package/pip/object-type/" class="md-nav__link">
1247         objectType
1248       </a>
1249     </li>
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257     <li class="md-nav__item">
1258       <a href="../../package/pip/object-type-definition/" class="md-nav__link">
1259         objectTypeDefinition
1260       </a>
1261     </li>
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269     <li class="md-nav__item">
1270       <a href="../../package/pip/option/" class="md-nav__link">
1271         option
1272       </a>
1273     </li>
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281     <li class="md-nav__item">
1282       <a href="../../package/pip/page/" class="md-nav__link">
1283         page
1284       </a>
1285     </li>
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293     <li class="md-nav__item">
1294       <a href="../../package/pip/pip/" class="md-nav__link">
1295         pip
1296       </a>
1297     </li>
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305     <li class="md-nav__item">
1306       <a href="../../package/pip/script/" class="md-nav__link">
1307         script
1308       </a>
1309     </li>
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317     <li class="md-nav__item">
1318       <a href="../../package/pip/smiley/" class="md-nav__link">
1319         smiley
1320       </a>
1321     </li>
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329     <li class="md-nav__item">
1330       <a href="../../package/pip/sql/" class="md-nav__link">
1331         sql
1332       </a>
1333     </li>
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341     <li class="md-nav__item">
1342       <a href="../../package/pip/style/" class="md-nav__link">
1343         style
1344       </a>
1345     </li>
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353     <li class="md-nav__item">
1354       <a href="../../package/pip/template/" class="md-nav__link">
1355         template
1356       </a>
1357     </li>
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365     <li class="md-nav__item">
1366       <a href="../../package/pip/template-listener/" class="md-nav__link">
1367         templateListener
1368       </a>
1369     </li>
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377     <li class="md-nav__item">
1378       <a href="../../package/pip/user-group-option/" class="md-nav__link">
1379         userGroupOption
1380       </a>
1381     </li>
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389     <li class="md-nav__item">
1390       <a href="../../package/pip/user-menu/" class="md-nav__link">
1391         userMenu
1392       </a>
1393     </li>
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401     <li class="md-nav__item">
1402       <a href="../../package/pip/user-notification-event/" class="md-nav__link">
1403         userNotificationEvent
1404       </a>
1405     </li>
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413     <li class="md-nav__item">
1414       <a href="../../package/pip/user-option/" class="md-nav__link">
1415         userOption
1416       </a>
1417     </li>
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425     <li class="md-nav__item">
1426       <a href="../../package/pip/user-profile-menu/" class="md-nav__link">
1427         userProfileMenu
1428       </a>
1429     </li>
1430
1431
1432
1433         </ul>
1434       </nav>
1435     </li>
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443     <li class="md-nav__item">
1444       <a href="../../package/database-php-api/" class="md-nav__link">
1445         Database PHP API
1446       </a>
1447     </li>
1448
1449
1450
1451         </ul>
1452       </nav>
1453     </li>
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
1466
1467
1468         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_6" type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
1469
1470       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6">
1471         Migration
1472         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1473       </label>
1474       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Migration" data-md-level="1">
1475         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
1476           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1477           Migration
1478         </label>
1479         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
1487
1488
1489         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_6_1" type="checkbox" id="__nav_6_1" >
1490
1491       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6_1">
1492         Migrating from WSC 5.3
1493         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1494       </label>
1495       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Migrating from WSC 5.3" data-md-level="2">
1496         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6_1">
1497           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1498           Migrating from WSC 5.3
1499         </label>
1500         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506     <li class="md-nav__item">
1507       <a href="../../migration/wsc53/php/" class="md-nav__link">
1508         PHP API
1509       </a>
1510     </li>
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518     <li class="md-nav__item">
1519       <a href="../../migration/wsc53/session/" class="md-nav__link">
1520         Session Handling and Authentication
1521       </a>
1522     </li>
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530     <li class="md-nav__item">
1531       <a href="../../migration/wsc53/javascript/" class="md-nav__link">
1532         TypeScript and JavaScript
1533       </a>
1534     </li>
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542     <li class="md-nav__item">
1543       <a href="../../migration/wsc53/templates/" class="md-nav__link">
1544         Templates
1545       </a>
1546     </li>
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554     <li class="md-nav__item">
1555       <a href="../../migration/wsc53/libraries/" class="md-nav__link">
1556         Third Party Libraries
1557       </a>
1558     </li>
1559
1560
1561
1562         </ul>
1563       </nav>
1564     </li>
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
1574
1575
1576         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_6_2" type="checkbox" id="__nav_6_2" >
1577
1578       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6_2">
1579         Migrating from WSC 5.2
1580         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1581       </label>
1582       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Migrating from WSC 5.2" data-md-level="2">
1583         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6_2">
1584           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1585           Migrating from WSC 5.2
1586         </label>
1587         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593     <li class="md-nav__item">
1594       <a href="../../migration/wsc52/php/" class="md-nav__link">
1595         PHP API
1596       </a>
1597     </li>
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605     <li class="md-nav__item">
1606       <a href="../../migration/wsc52/templates/" class="md-nav__link">
1607         Templates and Languages
1608       </a>
1609     </li>
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617     <li class="md-nav__item">
1618       <a href="../../migration/wsc52/libraries/" class="md-nav__link">
1619         Third Party Libraries
1620       </a>
1621     </li>
1622
1623
1624
1625         </ul>
1626       </nav>
1627     </li>
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
1637
1638
1639         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_6_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_6_3" >
1640
1641       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6_3">
1642         Migrating from WSC 3.1
1643         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1644       </label>
1645       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Migrating from WSC 3.1" data-md-level="2">
1646         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6_3">
1647           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1648           Migrating from WSC 3.1
1649         </label>
1650         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656     <li class="md-nav__item">
1657       <a href="../../migration/wsc31/php/" class="md-nav__link">
1658         PHP API
1659       </a>
1660     </li>
1661
1662
1663
1664         </ul>
1665       </nav>
1666     </li>
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675     <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
1676
1677
1678         <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_6_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_6_4" >
1679
1680       <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6_4">
1681         Migrating from WSC 3.0
1682         <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1683       </label>
1684       <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Migrating from WSC 3.0" data-md-level="2">
1685         <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6_4">
1686           <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1687           Migrating from WSC 3.0
1688         </label>
1689         <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695     <li class="md-nav__item">
1696       <a href="../../migration/wsc30/php/" class="md-nav__link">
1697         PHP API
1698       </a>
1699     </li>
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707     <li class="md-nav__item">
1708       <a href="../../migration/wsc30/javascript/" class="md-nav__link">
1709         JavaScript API
1710       </a>
1711     </li>
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719     <li class="md-nav__item">
1720       <a href="../../migration/wsc30/templates/" class="md-nav__link">
1721         Templates
1722       </a>
1723     </li>
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731     <li class="md-nav__item">
1732       <a href="../../migration/wsc30/css/" class="md-nav__link">
1733         CSS
1734       </a>
1735     </li>
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743     <li class="md-nav__item">
1744       <a href="../../migration/wsc30/package/" class="md-nav__link">
1745         Package Components
1746       </a>
1747     </li>
1748
1749
1750
1751         </ul>
1752       </nav>
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1992         <li class="md-nav__item">
1993   <a href="#the-preparedstatement-object" class="md-nav__link">
1994     The PreparedStatement Object
1995   </a>
1996
1997     <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="The PreparedStatement Object">
1998       <ul class="md-nav__list">
1999
2000           <li class="md-nav__item">
2001   <a href="#query-parameters" class="md-nav__link">
2002     Query Parameters
2003   </a>
2004
2005 </li>
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2007           <li class="md-nav__item">
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2009     Fetching a Single Result
2010   </a>
2011
2012 </li>
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2016     Fetch by Column
2017   </a>
2018
2019 </li>
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2042     INSERT or UPDATE in Bulk
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2063
2064                 <h1 id="database-access">Database Access<a class="headerlink" href="#database-access" title="Permanent link">#</a></h1>
2065 <p><a href="../database-objects/">Database Objects</a> provide a convenient and object-oriented approach to work with the database, but there can be use-cases that require raw access including writing methods for model classes. This section assumes that you have either used <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepared_statement">prepared statements</a> before or at least understand how it works.</p>
2066 <h2 id="the-preparedstatement-object">The PreparedStatement Object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-preparedstatement-object" title="Permanent link">#</a></h2>
2067 <p>The database access is designed around <a href="https://github.com/WoltLab/WCF/blob/master/wcfsetup/install/files/lib/system/database/statement/PreparedStatement.class.php">PreparedStatement</a>, built on top of PHP's <code>PDOStatement</code> so that you call all of <code>PDOStatement</code>'s methods, and each query requires you to obtain a statement object.</p>
2068 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2069 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT * FROM wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
2070 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span>
2071 <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchArray</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
2072     <span class="c1">// handle result</span>
2073 <span class="p">}</span>
2074 </code></pre></div>
2075 <h3 id="query-parameters">Query Parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#query-parameters" title="Permanent link">#</a></h3>
2076 <p>The example below illustrates the usage of parameters where each value is replaced with the generic <code>?</code>-placeholder. Values are provided by calling <code>$statement-&gt;execute()</code> with a continuous, one-dimensional array that exactly match the number of question marks.</p>
2077 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2078 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  *</span>
2079 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example</span>
2080 <span class="s2">        WHERE   exampleID = ?</span>
2081 <span class="s2">                OR bar IN (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2082 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2083 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">([</span>
2084     <span class="nv">$exampleID</span><span class="p">,</span>
2085     <span class="nv">$list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$of</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$values</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$for</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$bar</span>
2086 <span class="p">]);</span>
2087 <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchArray</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
2088     <span class="c1">// handle result</span>
2089 <span class="p">}</span>
2090 </code></pre></div>
2091 <h3 id="fetching-a-single-result">Fetching a Single Result<a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-a-single-result" title="Permanent link">#</a></h3>
2092 <div class="admonition danger">
2093 <p class="admonition-title">Do not attempt to use <code>fetchSingleRow()</code> or <code>fetchSingleColumn()</code> if the result contains more than one row.</p>
2094 </div>
2095 <p>You can opt-in to retrieve only a single row from database and make use of shortcut methods to reduce the code that you have to write.</p>
2096 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2097 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  *</span>
2098 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example</span>
2099 <span class="s2">        WHERE   exampleID = ?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2100 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
2101 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="nv">$exampleID</span><span class="p">]);</span>
2102 <span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchSingleRow</span><span class="p">();</span>
2103 </code></pre></div>
2104 <p>There are two distinct differences when comparing with the example on query parameters above:</p>
2105 <ol>
2106 <li>The method <code>prepareStatement()</code> receives a secondary parameter that will be appended to the query as <code>LIMIT 1</code>.</li>
2107 <li>Data is read using <code>fetchSingleRow()</code> instead of <code>fetchArray()</code> or similar methods, that will read one result and close the cursor.</li>
2108 </ol>
2109 <h3 id="fetch-by-column">Fetch by Column<a class="headerlink" href="#fetch-by-column" title="Permanent link">#</a></h3>
2110 <div class="admonition warning">
2111 <p class="admonition-title">There is no way to return another column from the same row if you use <code>fetchColumn()</code> to retrieve data.</p>
2112 </div>
2113 <p>Fetching an array is only useful if there is going to be more than one column per result row, otherwise accessing the column directly is much more convenient and increases the code readability.</p>
2114 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2115 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  bar</span>
2116 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2117 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2118 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span>
2119 <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$bar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchColumn</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span>
2120     <span class="c1">// handle result</span>
2121 <span class="p">}</span>
2122 <span class="nv">$bar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchSingleColumn</span><span class="p">();</span>
2123 </code></pre></div>
2124 <p>Similar to fetching a single row, you can also issue a query that will select a single row, but reads only one column from the result row.</p>
2125 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2126 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  bar</span>
2127 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example</span>
2128 <span class="s2">        WHERE   exampleID = ?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2129 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
2130 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="nv">$exampleID</span><span class="p">]);</span>
2131 <span class="nv">$bar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchSingleColumn</span><span class="p">();</span>
2132 </code></pre></div>
2133 <h3 id="fetching-all-results">Fetching All Results<a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-all-results" title="Permanent link">#</a></h3>
2134 <p>If you want to fetch all results of a query but only store them in an array without directly processing them, in most cases, you can rely on built-in methods.</p>
2135 <p>To fetch all rows of query, you can use <code>PDOStatement::fetchAll()</code> with <code>\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC</code> as the first parameter:</p>
2136 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2137 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  *</span>
2138 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2139 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2140 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span>
2141 <span class="nv">$rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">\PDO</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">FETCH_ASSOC</span><span class="p">);</span>
2142 </code></pre></div>
2143 <p>As a result, you get an array containing associative arrays with the rows of the <code>wcf{WCF_N}_example</code> database table as content.</p>
2144 <p>If you only want to fetch a list of the values of a certain column, you can use <code>\PDO::FETCH_COLUMN</code> as the first parameter:</p>
2145 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2146 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  exampleID</span>
2147 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2148 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2149 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span>
2150 <span class="nv">$exampleIDs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">\PDO</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">FETCH_COLUMN</span><span class="p">);</span>
2151 </code></pre></div>
2152 <p>As a result, you get an array with all <code>exampleID</code> values.</p>
2153 <p>The <code>PreparedStatement</code> class adds an additional methods that covers another common use case in our code:
2154 Fetching two columns and using the first column's value as the array key and the second column's value as the array value.
2155 This case is covered by <code>PreparedStatement::fetchMap()</code>:</p>
2156 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2157 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  exampleID, userID</span>
2158 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example_mapping&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2159 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2160 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span>
2161 <span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchMap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;exampleID&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;userID&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
2162 </code></pre></div>
2163 <p><code>$map</code> is a one-dimensional array where each <code>exampleID</code> value maps to the corresponding <code>userID</code> value.</p>
2164 <div class="admonition warning">
2165 <p class="admonition-title">If there are multiple entries for a certain <code>exampleID</code> value with different <code>userID</code> values, the existing entry in the array will be overwritten and contain the last read value from the database table. Therefore, this method should generally only be used for unique combinations.</p>
2166 </div>
2167 <p>If you do not have a combination of columns with unique pairs of values, but you want to get a list of <code>userID</code> values with the same <code>exampleID</code>, you can set the third parameter of <code>fetchMap()</code> to <code>false</code> and get a list:</p>
2168 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2169 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT  exampleID, userID</span>
2170 <span class="s2">        FROM    wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example_mapping&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2171 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2172 <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span>
2173 <span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fetchMap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;exampleID&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;userID&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
2174 </code></pre></div>
2175 <p>Now, as a result, you get a two-dimensional array with the array keys being the <code>exampleID</code> values and the array values being arrays with all <code>userID</code> values from rows with the respective <code>exampleID</code> value.</p>
2176 <h2 id="building-complex-conditions">Building Complex Conditions<a class="headerlink" href="#building-complex-conditions" title="Permanent link">#</a></h2>
2177 <p>Building conditional conditions can turn out to be a real mess and it gets even worse with SQL's <code>IN (…)</code> which requires as many placeholders as there will be values. The solutions is <code>PreparedStatementConditionBuilder</code>, a simple but useful helper class with a bulky name, it is also the class used when accessing <code>DatabaseObjecList::getConditionBuilder()</code>.</p>
2178 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2179 <span class="nv">$conditions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\database\util\PreparedStatementConditionBuilder</span><span class="p">();</span>
2180 <span class="nv">$conditions</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;exampleID = ?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">$exampleID</span><span class="p">]);</span>
2181 <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="k">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$valuesForBar</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
2182     <span class="nv">$conditions</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;(bar IN (?) OR baz = ?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">$valuesForBar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$baz</span><span class="p">]);</span>
2183 <span class="p">}</span>
2184 </code></pre></div>
2185 <p>The <code>IN (?)</code> in the example above is automatically expanded to match the number of items contained in <code>$valuesForBar</code>. Be aware that the method will generate an invalid query if <code>$valuesForBar</code> is empty!</p>
2186 <h2 id="insert-or-update-in-bulk">INSERT or UPDATE in Bulk<a class="headerlink" href="#insert-or-update-in-bulk" title="Permanent link">#</a></h2>
2187 <p>Prepared statements not only protect against SQL injection by separating the logical query and the actual data, but also provides the ability to reuse the same query with different values. This leads to a performance improvement as the code does not have to transmit the query with for every data set and only has to parse and analyze the query once.</p>
2188 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2189 <span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;def&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ghi&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
2190
2191 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;INSERT INTO  wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example</span>
2192 <span class="s2">                     (bar)</span>
2193 <span class="s2">        VALUES       (?)&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2194 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2195
2196 <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">beginTransaction</span><span class="p">();</span>
2197 <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$bar</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
2198     <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="nv">$bar</span><span class="p">]);</span>
2199 <span class="p">}</span>
2200 <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">commitTransaction</span><span class="p">();</span>
2201 </code></pre></div>
2202 <p>It is generally advised to wrap bulk operations in a transaction as it allows the database to optimize the process, including fewer I/O operations.</p>
2203 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
2204 <span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
2205     <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
2206     <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;def&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
2207     <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ghi&#39;</span>
2208 <span class="p">];</span>
2209
2210 <span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;UPDATE  wcf&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">WCF_N</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;_example</span>
2211 <span class="s2">        SET     bar = ?</span>
2212 <span class="s2">        WHERE   exampleID = ?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
2213 <span class="nv">$statement</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">prepareStatement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">);</span>
2214
2215 <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">beginTransaction</span><span class="p">();</span>
2216 <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$exampleID</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$bar</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
2217     <span class="nv">$statement</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">([</span>
2218         <span class="nv">$bar</span><span class="p">,</span>
2219         <span class="nv">$exampleID</span>
2220     <span class="p">]);</span>
2221 <span class="p">}</span>
2222 <span class="nx">\wcf\system\WCF</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getDB</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">commitTransaction</span><span class="p">();</span>
2223 </code></pre></div>
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