From bf726eab3711cf192405d21688a4b21e07b6188a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ingo Molnar Date: Thu, 8 May 2008 11:53:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] semaphore: fix MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Yanmin Zhang reported: | Comparing with kernel 2.6.25, AIM7 (use tmpfs) has more th | regression under 2.6.26-rc1 on my 8-core stoakley, 16-core tigerton, | and Itanium Montecito. Bisect located the patch below: | | 64ac24e738823161693bf791f87adc802cf529ff is first bad commit | commit 64ac24e738823161693bf791f87adc802cf529ff | Author: Matthew Wilcox | Date: Fri Mar 7 21:55:58 2008 -0500 | | Generic semaphore implementation | | After I manually reverted the patch against 2.6.26-rc1 while fixing | lots of conflicts/errors, aim7 regression became less than 2%. i reproduced the AIM7 workload and can confirm Yanmin's findings that -.26-rc1 regresses over .25 - by over 67% here. Looking at the workload i found and fixed what i believe to be the real bug causing the AIM7 regression: it was inefficient wakeup / scheduling / locking behavior of the new generic semaphore code, causing suboptimal performance. The problem comes from the following code. The new semaphore code does this on down(): spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); if (likely(sem->count > 0)) sem->count--; else __down(sem); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); and this on up(): spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list))) sem->count++; else __up(sem); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); where __up() does: list_del(&waiter->list); waiter->up = 1; wake_up_process(waiter->task); and where __down() does this in essence: list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list); waiter.task = task; waiter.up = 0; for (;;) { [...] spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock); timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout); spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock); if (waiter.up) return 0; } the fastpath looks good and obvious, but note the following property of the contended path: if there's a task on the ->wait_list, the up() of the current owner will "pass over" ownership to that waiting task, in a wake-one manner, via the waiter->up flag and by removing the waiter from the wait list. That is all and fine in principle, but as implemented in kernel/semaphore.c it also creates a nasty, hidden source of contention! The contention comes from the following property of the new semaphore code: the new owner owns the semaphore exclusively, even if it is not running yet. So if the old owner, even if just a few instructions later, does a down() [lock_kernel()] again, it will be blocked and will have to wait on the new owner to eventually be scheduled (possibly on another CPU)! Or if another task gets to lock_kernel() sooner than the "new owner" scheduled, it will be blocked unnecessarily and for a very long time when there are 2000 tasks running. I.e. the implementation of the new semaphores code does wake-one and lock ownership in a very restrictive way - it does not allow opportunistic re-locking of the lock at all and keeps the scheduler from picking task order intelligently. This kind of scheduling, with 2000 AIM7 processes running, creates awful cross-scheduling between those 2000 tasks, causes reduced parallelism, a throttled runqueue length and a lot of idle time. With increasing number of CPUs it causes an exponentially worse behavior in AIM7, as the chance for a newly woken new-owner task to actually run anytime soon is less and less likely. Note that it takes just a tiny bit of contention for the 'new-semaphore catastrophy' to happen: the wakeup latencies get added to whatever small contention there is, and quickly snowball out of control! I believe Yanmin's findings and numbers support this analysis too. The best fix for this problem is to use the same scheduling logic that the kernel/mutex.c code uses: keep the wake-one behavior (that is OK and wanted because we do not want to over-schedule), but also allow opportunistic locking of the lock even if a wakee is already "in flight". The patch below implements this new logic. With this patch applied the AIM7 regression is largely fixed on my quad testbox: # v2.6.25 vanilla: .................. Tasks Jobs/Min JTI Real CPU Jobs/sec/task 2000 56096.4 91 207.5 789.7 0.4675 2000 55894.4 94 208.2 792.7 0.4658 # v2.6.26-rc1-166-gc0a1811 vanilla: ................................... Tasks Jobs/Min JTI Real CPU Jobs/sec/task 2000 33230.6 83 350.3 784.5 0.2769 2000 31778.1 86 366.3 783.6 0.2648 # v2.6.26-rc1-166-gc0a1811 + semaphore-speedup: ............................................... Tasks Jobs/Min JTI Real CPU Jobs/sec/task 2000 55707.1 92 209.0 795.6 0.4642 2000 55704.4 96 209.0 796.0 0.4642 i.e. a 67% speedup. We are now back to within 1% of the v2.6.25 performance levels and have zero idle time during the test, as expected. Btw., interactivity also improved dramatically with the fix - for example console-switching became almost instantaneous during this workload (which after all is running 2000 tasks at once!), without the patch it was stuck for a minute at times. There's another nice side-effect of this speedup patch, the new generic semaphore code got even smaller: text data bss dec hex filename 1241 0 0 1241 4d9 semaphore.o.before 1207 0 0 1207 4b7 semaphore.o.after (because the waiter.up complication got removed.) Longer-term we should look into using the mutex code for the generic semaphore code as well - but i's not easy due to legacies and it's outside of the scope of v2.6.26 and outside the scope of this patch as well. Bisected-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar --- kernel/semaphore.c | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/kernel/semaphore.c b/kernel/semaphore.c index 5c2942e768c..5e41217239e 100644 --- a/kernel/semaphore.c +++ b/kernel/semaphore.c @@ -54,10 +54,9 @@ void down(struct semaphore *sem) unsigned long flags; spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); - if (likely(sem->count > 0)) - sem->count--; - else + if (unlikely(!sem->count)) __down(sem); + sem->count--; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(down); @@ -77,10 +76,10 @@ int down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem) int result = 0; spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); - if (likely(sem->count > 0)) - sem->count--; - else + if (unlikely(!sem->count)) result = __down_interruptible(sem); + if (!result) + sem->count--; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); return result; @@ -103,10 +102,10 @@ int down_killable(struct semaphore *sem) int result = 0; spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); - if (likely(sem->count > 0)) - sem->count--; - else + if (unlikely(!sem->count)) result = __down_killable(sem); + if (!result) + sem->count--; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); return result; @@ -157,10 +156,10 @@ int down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long jiffies) int result = 0; spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); - if (likely(sem->count > 0)) - sem->count--; - else + if (unlikely(!sem->count)) result = __down_timeout(sem, jiffies); + if (!result) + sem->count--; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); return result; @@ -179,9 +178,8 @@ void up(struct semaphore *sem) unsigned long flags; spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); - if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list))) - sem->count++; - else + sem->count++; + if (unlikely(!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))) __up(sem); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); } @@ -192,7 +190,6 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(up); struct semaphore_waiter { struct list_head list; struct task_struct *task; - int up; }; /* @@ -205,33 +202,34 @@ static inline int __sched __down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state, { struct task_struct *task = current; struct semaphore_waiter waiter; + int ret = 0; - list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list); waiter.task = task; - waiter.up = 0; + list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list); for (;;) { - if (state == TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE && signal_pending(task)) - goto interrupted; - if (state == TASK_KILLABLE && fatal_signal_pending(task)) - goto interrupted; - if (timeout <= 0) - goto timed_out; + if (state == TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE && signal_pending(task)) { + ret = -EINTR; + break; + } + if (state == TASK_KILLABLE && fatal_signal_pending(task)) { + ret = -EINTR; + break; + } + if (timeout <= 0) { + ret = -ETIME; + break; + } __set_task_state(task, state); spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock); timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout); spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock); - if (waiter.up) - return 0; + if (sem->count > 0) + break; } - timed_out: - list_del(&waiter.list); - return -ETIME; - - interrupted: list_del(&waiter.list); - return -EINTR; + return ret; } static noinline void __sched __down(struct semaphore *sem) @@ -258,7 +256,5 @@ static noinline void __sched __up(struct semaphore *sem) { struct semaphore_waiter *waiter = list_first_entry(&sem->wait_list, struct semaphore_waiter, list); - list_del(&waiter->list); - waiter->up = 1; wake_up_process(waiter->task); } -- 2.20.1