From b4ecc126991b30fe5f9a59dfacda046aeac124b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jeremy Fitzhardinge Date: Wed, 13 May 2009 17:16:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] x86: Fix performance regression caused by paravirt_ops on native kernels Xiaohui Xin and some other folks at Intel have been looking into what's behind the performance hit of paravirt_ops when running native. It appears that the hit is entirely due to the paravirtualized spinlocks introduced by: | commit 8efcbab674de2bee45a2e4cdf97de16b8e609ac8 | Date: Mon Jul 7 12:07:51 2008 -0700 | | paravirt: introduce a "lock-byte" spinlock implementation The extra call/return in the spinlock path is somehow causing an increase in the cycles/instruction of somewhere around 2-7% (seems to vary quite a lot from test to test). The working theory is that the CPU's pipeline is getting upset about the call->call->locked-op->return->return, and seems to be failing to speculate (though I haven't seen anything definitive about the precise reasons). This doesn't entirely make sense, because the performance hit is also visible on unlock and other operations which don't involve locked instructions. But spinlock operations clearly swamp all the other pvops operations, even though I can't imagine that they're nearly as common (there's only a .05% increase in instructions executed). If I disable just the pv-spinlock calls, my tests show that pvops is identical to non-pvops performance on native (my measurements show that it is actually about .1% faster, but Xiaohui shows a .05% slowdown). Summary of results, averaging 10 runs of the "mmperf" test, using a no-pvops build as baseline: nopv Pv-nospin Pv-spin CPU cycles 100.00% 99.89% 102.18% instructions 100.00% 100.10% 100.15% CPI 100.00% 99.79% 102.03% cache ref 100.00% 100.84% 100.28% cache miss 100.00% 90.47% 88.56% cache miss rate 100.00% 89.72% 88.31% branches 100.00% 99.93% 100.04% branch miss 100.00% 103.66% 107.72% branch miss rt 100.00% 103.73% 107.67% wallclock 100.00% 99.90% 102.20% The clear effect here is that the 2% increase in CPI is directly reflected in the final wallclock time. (The other interesting effect is that the more ops are out of line calls via pvops, the lower the cache access and miss rates. Not too surprising, but it suggests that the non-pvops kernel is over-inlined. On the flipside, the branch misses go up correspondingly...) So, what's the fix? Paravirt patching turns all the pvops calls into direct calls, so _spin_lock etc do end up having direct calls. For example, the compiler generated code for paravirtualized _spin_lock is: <_spin_lock+0>: mov %gs:0xb4c8,%rax <_spin_lock+9>: incl 0xffffffffffffe044(%rax) <_spin_lock+15>: callq *0xffffffff805a5b30 <_spin_lock+22>: retq The indirect call will get patched to: <_spin_lock+0>: mov %gs:0xb4c8,%rax <_spin_lock+9>: incl 0xffffffffffffe044(%rax) <_spin_lock+15>: callq <__ticket_spin_lock> <_spin_lock+20>: nop; nop /* or whatever 2-byte nop */ <_spin_lock+22>: retq One possibility is to inline _spin_lock, etc, when building an optimised kernel (ie, when there's no spinlock/preempt instrumentation/debugging enabled). That will remove the outer call/return pair, returning the instruction stream to a single call/return, which will presumably execute the same as the non-pvops case. The downsides arel 1) it will replicate the preempt_disable/enable code at eack lock/unlock callsite; this code is fairly small, but not nothing; and 2) the spinlock definitions are already a very heavily tangled mass of #ifdefs and other preprocessor magic, and making any changes will be non-trivial. The other obvious answer is to disable pv-spinlocks. Making them a separate config option is fairly easy, and it would be trivial to enable them only when Xen is enabled (as the only non-default user). But it doesn't really address the common case of a distro build which is going to have Xen support enabled, and leaves the open question of whether the native performance cost of pv-spinlocks is worth the performance improvement on a loaded Xen system (10% saving of overall system CPU when guests block rather than spin). Still it is a reasonable short-term workaround. [ Impact: fix pvops performance regression when running native ] Analysed-by: "Xin Xiaohui" Analysed-by: "Li Xin" Analysed-by: "Nakajima Jun" Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin Cc: Nick Piggin Cc: Xen-devel LKML-Reference: <4A0B62F7.5030802@goop.org> [ fixed the help text ] Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar --- arch/x86/Kconfig | 13 +++++++++++++ arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt.h | 2 +- arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h | 4 ++-- arch/x86/kernel/Makefile | 3 ++- arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c | 2 ++ arch/x86/xen/Makefile | 5 +++-- arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h | 19 +++++++++++++++---- 7 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig index df9e885eee14..a6efe0a2e9ae 100644 --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig @@ -498,6 +498,19 @@ config PARAVIRT over full virtualization. However, when run without a hypervisor the kernel is theoretically slower and slightly larger. +config PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS + bool "Paravirtualization layer for spinlocks" + depends on PARAVIRT && SMP && EXPERIMENTAL + ---help--- + Paravirtualized spinlocks allow a pvops backend to replace the + spinlock implementation with something virtualization-friendly + (for example, block the virtual CPU rather than spinning). + + Unfortunately the downside is an up to 5% performance hit on + native kernels, with various workloads. + + If you are unsure how to answer this question, answer N. + config PARAVIRT_CLOCK bool default n diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt.h index 378e3691c08c..a53da004e08e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt.h @@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ u64 _paravirt_ident_64(u64); #define paravirt_nop ((void *)_paravirt_nop) -#ifdef CONFIG_SMP +#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS) static inline int __raw_spin_is_locked(struct raw_spinlock *lock) { diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h index e5e6caffec87..b7e5db876399 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/spinlock.h @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ static inline int __ticket_spin_is_contended(raw_spinlock_t *lock) return (((tmp >> TICKET_SHIFT) - tmp) & ((1 << TICKET_SHIFT) - 1)) > 1; } -#ifndef CONFIG_PARAVIRT +#ifndef CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS static inline int __raw_spin_is_locked(raw_spinlock_t *lock) { @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ static __always_inline void __raw_spin_lock_flags(raw_spinlock_t *lock, __raw_spin_lock(lock); } -#endif +#endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS */ static inline void __raw_spin_unlock_wait(raw_spinlock_t *lock) { diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile index 145cce75cda7..88d1bfc847d3 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile @@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_NX_TEST) += test_nx.o obj-$(CONFIG_VMI) += vmi_32.o vmiclock_32.o obj-$(CONFIG_KVM_GUEST) += kvm.o obj-$(CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK) += kvmclock.o -obj-$(CONFIG_PARAVIRT) += paravirt.o paravirt_patch_$(BITS).o paravirt-spinlocks.o +obj-$(CONFIG_PARAVIRT) += paravirt.o paravirt_patch_$(BITS).o +obj-$(CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS)+= paravirt-spinlocks.o obj-$(CONFIG_PARAVIRT_CLOCK) += pvclock.o obj-$(CONFIG_PCSPKR_PLATFORM) += pcspeaker.o diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c index 8e45f4464880..9faf43bea336 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c @@ -134,7 +134,9 @@ static void *get_call_destination(u8 type) .pv_irq_ops = pv_irq_ops, .pv_apic_ops = pv_apic_ops, .pv_mmu_ops = pv_mmu_ops, +#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS .pv_lock_ops = pv_lock_ops, +#endif }; return *((void **)&tmpl + type); } diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/Makefile b/arch/x86/xen/Makefile index 3b767d03fd6a..172438f86a02 100644 --- a/arch/x86/xen/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/xen/Makefile @@ -9,5 +9,6 @@ obj-y := enlighten.o setup.o multicalls.o mmu.o irq.o \ time.o xen-asm.o xen-asm_$(BITS).o \ grant-table.o suspend.o -obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += smp.o spinlock.o -obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_DEBUG_FS) += debugfs.o \ No newline at end of file +obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += smp.o +obj-$(CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS)+= spinlock.o +obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_DEBUG_FS) += debugfs.o diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h b/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h index 20139464943c..ca6596b05d53 100644 --- a/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h +++ b/arch/x86/xen/xen-ops.h @@ -62,15 +62,26 @@ void xen_setup_vcpu_info_placement(void); #ifdef CONFIG_SMP void xen_smp_init(void); -void __init xen_init_spinlocks(void); -__cpuinit void xen_init_lock_cpu(int cpu); -void xen_uninit_lock_cpu(int cpu); - extern cpumask_var_t xen_cpu_initialized_map; #else static inline void xen_smp_init(void) {} #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS +void __init xen_init_spinlocks(void); +__cpuinit void xen_init_lock_cpu(int cpu); +void xen_uninit_lock_cpu(int cpu); +#else +static inline void xen_init_spinlocks(void) +{ +} +static inline void xen_init_lock_cpu(int cpu) +{ +} +static inline void xen_uninit_lock_cpu(int cpu) +{ +} +#endif /* Declare an asm function, along with symbols needed to make it inlineable */ -- 2.20.1