fs: Add user namespace member to struct super_block

fs: Add user namespace member to struct super_block

Start marking filesystems with a user namespace owner, s_user_ns.  In
this change this is only used for permission checks of who may mount a
filesystem.  Ultimately s_user_ns will be used for translating ids and
checking capabilities for filesystems mounted from user namespaces.

The default policy for setting s_user_ns is implemented in sget(),
which arranges for s_user_ns to be set to current_user_ns() and to
ensure that the mounter of the filesystem has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in that
user_ns.

The guts of sget are split out into another function sget_userns().
The function sget_userns calls alloc_super with the specified user
namespace or it verifies the existing superblock that was found
has the expected user namespace, and fails with EBUSY when it is not.
This failing prevents users with the wrong privileges mounting a
filesystem.

The reason for the split of sget_userns from sget is that in some
cases such as mount_ns and kernfs_mount_ns a different policy for
permission checking of mounts and setting s_user_ns is necessary, and
the existence of sget_userns() allows those policies to be
implemented.

The helper mount_ns is expected to be used for filesystems such as
proc and mqueuefs which present per namespace information.  The
function mount_ns is modified to call sget_userns instead of sget to
ensure the user namespace owner of the namespace whose information is
presented by the filesystem is used on the superblock.

For sysfs and cgroup the appropriate permission checks are already in
place, and kernfs_mount_ns is modified to call sget_userns so that
the init_user_ns is the only user namespace used.

For the cgroup filesystem cgroup namespace mounts are bind mounts of a
subset of the full cgroup filesystem and as such s_user_ns must be the
same for all of them as there is only a single superblock.

Mounts of sysfs that vary based on the network namespace could in principle
change s_user_ns but it keeps the analysis and implementation of kernfs
simpler if that is not supported, and at present there appear to be no
benefits from supporting a different s_user_ns on any sysfs mount.

Getting the details of setting s_user_ns correct has been
a long process.  Thanks to Pavel Tikhorirorv who spotted a leak
in sget_userns.  Thanks to Seth Forshee who has kept the work alive.

Thanks-to: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Thanks-to: Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>