From: Peter Zijlstra Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2012 13:49:36 +0000 (+0200) Subject: sched/numa: Rewrite the CONFIG_NUMA sched domain support X-Git-Url: https://git.stricted.de/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=cb83b629bae0327cf9f44f096adc38d150ceb913;p=GitHub%2Fmoto-9609%2Fandroid_kernel_motorola_exynos9610.git sched/numa: Rewrite the CONFIG_NUMA sched domain support The current code groups up to 16 nodes in a level and then puts an ALLNODES domain spanning the entire tree on top of that. This doesn't reflect the numa topology and esp for the smaller not-fully-connected machines out there today this might make a difference. Therefore, build a proper numa topology based on node_distance(). Since there's no fixed numa layers anymore, the static SD_NODE_INIT and SD_ALLNODES_INIT aren't usable anymore, the new code tries to construct something similar and scales some values either on the number of cpus in the domain and/or the node_distance() ratio. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Anton Blanchard Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt Cc: Chris Metcalf Cc: David Howells Cc: "David S. Miller" Cc: Fenghua Yu Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky Cc: linux-alpha@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org Cc: Matt Turner Cc: Paul Mackerras Cc: Paul Mundt Cc: Ralf Baechle Cc: Richard Henderson Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org Cc: Tony Luck Cc: x86@kernel.org Cc: Dimitri Sivanich Cc: Greg Pearson Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki Cc: bob.picco@oracle.com Cc: chris.mason@oracle.com Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Andrew Morton Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-r74n3n8hhuc2ynbrnp3vt954@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar --- diff --git a/arch/ia64/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/ia64/include/asm/topology.h index 09f646753d1a..a2496e449b75 100644 --- a/arch/ia64/include/asm/topology.h +++ b/arch/ia64/include/asm/topology.h @@ -70,31 +70,6 @@ void build_cpu_to_node_map(void); .nr_balance_failed = 0, \ } -/* sched_domains SD_NODE_INIT for IA64 NUMA machines */ -#define SD_NODE_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .parent = NULL, \ - .child = NULL, \ - .groups = NULL, \ - .min_interval = 8, \ - .max_interval = 8*(min(num_online_cpus(), 32U)), \ - .busy_factor = 64, \ - .imbalance_pct = 125, \ - .cache_nice_tries = 2, \ - .busy_idx = 3, \ - .idle_idx = 2, \ - .newidle_idx = 0, \ - .wake_idx = 0, \ - .forkexec_idx = 0, \ - .flags = SD_LOAD_BALANCE \ - | SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE \ - | SD_BALANCE_EXEC \ - | SD_BALANCE_FORK \ - | SD_SERIALIZE, \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 64, \ - .nr_balance_failed = 0, \ -} - #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */ #ifdef CONFIG_SMP diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/mach-ip27/topology.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/mach-ip27/topology.h index 1b1a7d1632b9..b2cf641f206f 100644 --- a/arch/mips/include/asm/mach-ip27/topology.h +++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/mach-ip27/topology.h @@ -36,23 +36,6 @@ extern unsigned char __node_distances[MAX_COMPACT_NODES][MAX_COMPACT_NODES]; #define node_distance(from, to) (__node_distances[(from)][(to)]) -/* sched_domains SD_NODE_INIT for SGI IP27 machines */ -#define SD_NODE_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .parent = NULL, \ - .child = NULL, \ - .groups = NULL, \ - .min_interval = 8, \ - .max_interval = 32, \ - .busy_factor = 32, \ - .imbalance_pct = 125, \ - .cache_nice_tries = 1, \ - .flags = SD_LOAD_BALANCE | \ - SD_BALANCE_EXEC, \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 1, \ - .nr_balance_failed = 0, \ -} - #include #endif /* _ASM_MACH_TOPOLOGY_H */ diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/topology.h index c97185885c6d..852ed1b384f6 100644 --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/topology.h +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/topology.h @@ -18,12 +18,6 @@ struct device_node; */ #define RECLAIM_DISTANCE 10 -/* - * Avoid creating an extra level of balancing (SD_ALLNODES) on the largest - * POWER7 boxes which have a maximum of 32 nodes. - */ -#define SD_NODES_PER_DOMAIN 32 - #include static inline int cpu_to_node(int cpu) @@ -51,36 +45,6 @@ static inline int pcibus_to_node(struct pci_bus *bus) cpu_all_mask : \ cpumask_of_node(pcibus_to_node(bus))) -/* sched_domains SD_NODE_INIT for PPC64 machines */ -#define SD_NODE_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .min_interval = 8, \ - .max_interval = 32, \ - .busy_factor = 32, \ - .imbalance_pct = 125, \ - .cache_nice_tries = 1, \ - .busy_idx = 3, \ - .idle_idx = 1, \ - .newidle_idx = 0, \ - .wake_idx = 0, \ - .forkexec_idx = 0, \ - \ - .flags = 1*SD_LOAD_BALANCE \ - | 0*SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_EXEC \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_FORK \ - | 0*SD_BALANCE_WAKE \ - | 1*SD_WAKE_AFFINE \ - | 0*SD_PREFER_LOCAL \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER \ - | 0*SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES \ - | 1*SD_SERIALIZE \ - | 0*SD_PREFER_SIBLING \ - , \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 1, \ -} - extern int __node_distance(int, int); #define node_distance(a, b) __node_distance(a, b) diff --git a/arch/sh/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/sh/include/asm/topology.h index 88e734069fa6..b0a282d65f6a 100644 --- a/arch/sh/include/asm/topology.h +++ b/arch/sh/include/asm/topology.h @@ -3,31 +3,6 @@ #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA -/* sched_domains SD_NODE_INIT for sh machines */ -#define SD_NODE_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .parent = NULL, \ - .child = NULL, \ - .groups = NULL, \ - .min_interval = 8, \ - .max_interval = 32, \ - .busy_factor = 32, \ - .imbalance_pct = 125, \ - .cache_nice_tries = 2, \ - .busy_idx = 3, \ - .idle_idx = 2, \ - .newidle_idx = 0, \ - .wake_idx = 0, \ - .forkexec_idx = 0, \ - .flags = SD_LOAD_BALANCE \ - | SD_BALANCE_FORK \ - | SD_BALANCE_EXEC \ - | SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE \ - | SD_SERIALIZE, \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 1, \ - .nr_balance_failed = 0, \ -} - #define cpu_to_node(cpu) ((void)(cpu),0) #define parent_node(node) ((void)(node),0) diff --git a/arch/sparc/include/asm/topology_64.h b/arch/sparc/include/asm/topology_64.h index 8b9c556d630b..1754390a426f 100644 --- a/arch/sparc/include/asm/topology_64.h +++ b/arch/sparc/include/asm/topology_64.h @@ -31,25 +31,6 @@ static inline int pcibus_to_node(struct pci_bus *pbus) cpu_all_mask : \ cpumask_of_node(pcibus_to_node(bus))) -#define SD_NODE_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .min_interval = 8, \ - .max_interval = 32, \ - .busy_factor = 32, \ - .imbalance_pct = 125, \ - .cache_nice_tries = 2, \ - .busy_idx = 3, \ - .idle_idx = 2, \ - .newidle_idx = 0, \ - .wake_idx = 0, \ - .forkexec_idx = 0, \ - .flags = SD_LOAD_BALANCE \ - | SD_BALANCE_FORK \ - | SD_BALANCE_EXEC \ - | SD_SERIALIZE, \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 1, \ -} - #else /* CONFIG_NUMA */ #include diff --git a/arch/tile/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/tile/include/asm/topology.h index 6fdd0c860193..7a7ce390534f 100644 --- a/arch/tile/include/asm/topology.h +++ b/arch/tile/include/asm/topology.h @@ -78,32 +78,6 @@ static inline const struct cpumask *cpumask_of_node(int node) .balance_interval = 32, \ } -/* sched_domains SD_NODE_INIT for TILE architecture */ -#define SD_NODE_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .min_interval = 16, \ - .max_interval = 512, \ - .busy_factor = 32, \ - .imbalance_pct = 125, \ - .cache_nice_tries = 1, \ - .busy_idx = 3, \ - .idle_idx = 1, \ - .newidle_idx = 2, \ - .wake_idx = 1, \ - .flags = 1*SD_LOAD_BALANCE \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_EXEC \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_FORK \ - | 0*SD_BALANCE_WAKE \ - | 0*SD_WAKE_AFFINE \ - | 0*SD_PREFER_LOCAL \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES \ - | 1*SD_SERIALIZE \ - , \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 128, \ -} - /* By definition, we create nodes based on online memory. */ #define node_has_online_mem(nid) 1 diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h index b9676ae37ada..095b21507b6a 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h @@ -92,44 +92,6 @@ extern void setup_node_to_cpumask_map(void); #define pcibus_to_node(bus) __pcibus_to_node(bus) -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 -# define SD_CACHE_NICE_TRIES 1 -# define SD_IDLE_IDX 1 -#else -# define SD_CACHE_NICE_TRIES 2 -# define SD_IDLE_IDX 2 -#endif - -/* sched_domains SD_NODE_INIT for NUMA machines */ -#define SD_NODE_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .min_interval = 8, \ - .max_interval = 32, \ - .busy_factor = 32, \ - .imbalance_pct = 125, \ - .cache_nice_tries = SD_CACHE_NICE_TRIES, \ - .busy_idx = 3, \ - .idle_idx = SD_IDLE_IDX, \ - .newidle_idx = 0, \ - .wake_idx = 0, \ - .forkexec_idx = 0, \ - \ - .flags = 1*SD_LOAD_BALANCE \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_EXEC \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_FORK \ - | 0*SD_BALANCE_WAKE \ - | 1*SD_WAKE_AFFINE \ - | 0*SD_PREFER_LOCAL \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER \ - | 0*SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES \ - | 1*SD_SERIALIZE \ - | 0*SD_PREFER_SIBLING \ - , \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 1, \ -} - extern int __node_distance(int, int); #define node_distance(a, b) __node_distance(a, b) diff --git a/include/linux/topology.h b/include/linux/topology.h index e26db031303b..4f59bf36f0af 100644 --- a/include/linux/topology.h +++ b/include/linux/topology.h @@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ int arch_update_cpu_topology(void); * Below are the 3 major initializers used in building sched_domains: * SD_SIBLING_INIT, for SMT domains * SD_CPU_INIT, for SMP domains - * SD_NODE_INIT, for NUMA domains * * Any architecture that cares to do any tuning to these values should do so * by defining their own arch-specific initializer in include/asm/topology.h. @@ -176,48 +175,12 @@ int arch_update_cpu_topology(void); } #endif -/* sched_domains SD_ALLNODES_INIT for NUMA machines */ -#define SD_ALLNODES_INIT (struct sched_domain) { \ - .min_interval = 64, \ - .max_interval = 64*num_online_cpus(), \ - .busy_factor = 128, \ - .imbalance_pct = 133, \ - .cache_nice_tries = 1, \ - .busy_idx = 3, \ - .idle_idx = 3, \ - .flags = 1*SD_LOAD_BALANCE \ - | 1*SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE \ - | 0*SD_BALANCE_EXEC \ - | 0*SD_BALANCE_FORK \ - | 0*SD_BALANCE_WAKE \ - | 0*SD_WAKE_AFFINE \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER \ - | 0*SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE \ - | 0*SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES \ - | 1*SD_SERIALIZE \ - | 0*SD_PREFER_SIBLING \ - , \ - .last_balance = jiffies, \ - .balance_interval = 64, \ -} - -#ifndef SD_NODES_PER_DOMAIN -#define SD_NODES_PER_DOMAIN 16 -#endif - #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_BOOK #ifndef SD_BOOK_INIT #error Please define an appropriate SD_BOOK_INIT in include/asm/topology.h!!! #endif #endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_BOOK */ -#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA -#ifndef SD_NODE_INIT -#error Please define an appropriate SD_NODE_INIT in include/asm/topology.h!!! -#endif - -#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */ - #ifdef CONFIG_USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID DECLARE_PER_CPU(int, numa_node); diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c index 6001e5c3b4e4..b4f2096980a3 100644 --- a/kernel/sched/core.c +++ b/kernel/sched/core.c @@ -5560,7 +5560,8 @@ static int sched_domain_debug_one(struct sched_domain *sd, int cpu, int level, break; } - if (cpumask_intersects(groupmask, sched_group_cpus(group))) { + if (!(sd->flags & SD_OVERLAP) && + cpumask_intersects(groupmask, sched_group_cpus(group))) { printk(KERN_CONT "\n"); printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: repeated CPUs\n"); break; @@ -5898,92 +5899,6 @@ static int __init isolated_cpu_setup(char *str) __setup("isolcpus=", isolated_cpu_setup); -#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA - -/** - * find_next_best_node - find the next node to include in a sched_domain - * @node: node whose sched_domain we're building - * @used_nodes: nodes already in the sched_domain - * - * Find the next node to include in a given scheduling domain. Simply - * finds the closest node not already in the @used_nodes map. - * - * Should use nodemask_t. - */ -static int find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_nodes) -{ - int i, n, val, min_val, best_node = -1; - - min_val = INT_MAX; - - for (i = 0; i < nr_node_ids; i++) { - /* Start at @node */ - n = (node + i) % nr_node_ids; - - if (!nr_cpus_node(n)) - continue; - - /* Skip already used nodes */ - if (node_isset(n, *used_nodes)) - continue; - - /* Simple min distance search */ - val = node_distance(node, n); - - if (val < min_val) { - min_val = val; - best_node = n; - } - } - - if (best_node != -1) - node_set(best_node, *used_nodes); - return best_node; -} - -/** - * sched_domain_node_span - get a cpumask for a node's sched_domain - * @node: node whose cpumask we're constructing - * @span: resulting cpumask - * - * Given a node, construct a good cpumask for its sched_domain to span. It - * should be one that prevents unnecessary balancing, but also spreads tasks - * out optimally. - */ -static void sched_domain_node_span(int node, struct cpumask *span) -{ - nodemask_t used_nodes; - int i; - - cpumask_clear(span); - nodes_clear(used_nodes); - - cpumask_or(span, span, cpumask_of_node(node)); - node_set(node, used_nodes); - - for (i = 1; i < SD_NODES_PER_DOMAIN; i++) { - int next_node = find_next_best_node(node, &used_nodes); - if (next_node < 0) - break; - cpumask_or(span, span, cpumask_of_node(next_node)); - } -} - -static const struct cpumask *cpu_node_mask(int cpu) -{ - lockdep_assert_held(&sched_domains_mutex); - - sched_domain_node_span(cpu_to_node(cpu), sched_domains_tmpmask); - - return sched_domains_tmpmask; -} - -static const struct cpumask *cpu_allnodes_mask(int cpu) -{ - return cpu_possible_mask; -} -#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */ - static const struct cpumask *cpu_cpu_mask(int cpu) { return cpumask_of_node(cpu_to_node(cpu)); @@ -6020,6 +5935,7 @@ struct sched_domain_topology_level { sched_domain_init_f init; sched_domain_mask_f mask; int flags; + int numa_level; struct sd_data data; }; @@ -6213,10 +6129,6 @@ sd_init_##type(struct sched_domain_topology_level *tl, int cpu) \ } SD_INIT_FUNC(CPU) -#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA - SD_INIT_FUNC(ALLNODES) - SD_INIT_FUNC(NODE) -#endif #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_SMT SD_INIT_FUNC(SIBLING) #endif @@ -6338,15 +6250,191 @@ static struct sched_domain_topology_level default_topology[] = { { sd_init_BOOK, cpu_book_mask, }, #endif { sd_init_CPU, cpu_cpu_mask, }, -#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA - { sd_init_NODE, cpu_node_mask, SDTL_OVERLAP, }, - { sd_init_ALLNODES, cpu_allnodes_mask, }, -#endif { NULL, }, }; static struct sched_domain_topology_level *sched_domain_topology = default_topology; +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA + +static int sched_domains_numa_levels; +static int sched_domains_numa_scale; +static int *sched_domains_numa_distance; +static struct cpumask ***sched_domains_numa_masks; +static int sched_domains_curr_level; + +static inline unsigned long numa_scale(unsigned long x, int level) +{ + return x * sched_domains_numa_distance[level] / sched_domains_numa_scale; +} + +static inline int sd_local_flags(int level) +{ + if (sched_domains_numa_distance[level] > REMOTE_DISTANCE) + return 0; + + return SD_BALANCE_EXEC | SD_BALANCE_FORK | SD_WAKE_AFFINE; +} + +static struct sched_domain * +sd_numa_init(struct sched_domain_topology_level *tl, int cpu) +{ + struct sched_domain *sd = *per_cpu_ptr(tl->data.sd, cpu); + int level = tl->numa_level; + int sd_weight = cpumask_weight( + sched_domains_numa_masks[level][cpu_to_node(cpu)]); + + *sd = (struct sched_domain){ + .min_interval = sd_weight, + .max_interval = 2*sd_weight, + .busy_factor = 32, + .imbalance_pct = 100 + numa_scale(25, level), + .cache_nice_tries = 2, + .busy_idx = 3, + .idle_idx = 2, + .newidle_idx = 0, + .wake_idx = 0, + .forkexec_idx = 0, + + .flags = 1*SD_LOAD_BALANCE + | 1*SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE + | 0*SD_BALANCE_EXEC + | 0*SD_BALANCE_FORK + | 0*SD_BALANCE_WAKE + | 0*SD_WAKE_AFFINE + | 0*SD_PREFER_LOCAL + | 0*SD_SHARE_CPUPOWER + | 0*SD_POWERSAVINGS_BALANCE + | 0*SD_SHARE_PKG_RESOURCES + | 1*SD_SERIALIZE + | 0*SD_PREFER_SIBLING + | sd_local_flags(level) + , + .last_balance = jiffies, + .balance_interval = sd_weight, + }; + SD_INIT_NAME(sd, NUMA); + sd->private = &tl->data; + + /* + * Ugly hack to pass state to sd_numa_mask()... + */ + sched_domains_curr_level = tl->numa_level; + + return sd; +} + +static const struct cpumask *sd_numa_mask(int cpu) +{ + return sched_domains_numa_masks[sched_domains_curr_level][cpu_to_node(cpu)]; +} + +static void sched_init_numa(void) +{ + int next_distance, curr_distance = node_distance(0, 0); + struct sched_domain_topology_level *tl; + int level = 0; + int i, j, k; + + sched_domains_numa_scale = curr_distance; + sched_domains_numa_distance = kzalloc(sizeof(int) * nr_node_ids, GFP_KERNEL); + if (!sched_domains_numa_distance) + return; + + /* + * O(nr_nodes^2) deduplicating selection sort -- in order to find the + * unique distances in the node_distance() table. + * + * Assumes node_distance(0,j) includes all distances in + * node_distance(i,j) in order to avoid cubic time. + * + * XXX: could be optimized to O(n log n) by using sort() + */ + next_distance = curr_distance; + for (i = 0; i < nr_node_ids; i++) { + for (j = 0; j < nr_node_ids; j++) { + int distance = node_distance(0, j); + if (distance > curr_distance && + (distance < next_distance || + next_distance == curr_distance)) + next_distance = distance; + } + if (next_distance != curr_distance) { + sched_domains_numa_distance[level++] = next_distance; + sched_domains_numa_levels = level; + curr_distance = next_distance; + } else break; + } + /* + * 'level' contains the number of unique distances, excluding the + * identity distance node_distance(i,i). + * + * The sched_domains_nume_distance[] array includes the actual distance + * numbers. + */ + + sched_domains_numa_masks = kzalloc(sizeof(void *) * level, GFP_KERNEL); + if (!sched_domains_numa_masks) + return; + + /* + * Now for each level, construct a mask per node which contains all + * cpus of nodes that are that many hops away from us. + */ + for (i = 0; i < level; i++) { + sched_domains_numa_masks[i] = + kzalloc(nr_node_ids * sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!sched_domains_numa_masks[i]) + return; + + for (j = 0; j < nr_node_ids; j++) { + struct cpumask *mask = kzalloc_node(cpumask_size(), GFP_KERNEL, j); + if (!mask) + return; + + sched_domains_numa_masks[i][j] = mask; + + for (k = 0; k < nr_node_ids; k++) { + if (node_distance(cpu_to_node(j), k) > + sched_domains_numa_distance[i]) + continue; + + cpumask_or(mask, mask, cpumask_of_node(k)); + } + } + } + + tl = kzalloc((ARRAY_SIZE(default_topology) + level) * + sizeof(struct sched_domain_topology_level), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!tl) + return; + + /* + * Copy the default topology bits.. + */ + for (i = 0; default_topology[i].init; i++) + tl[i] = default_topology[i]; + + /* + * .. and append 'j' levels of NUMA goodness. + */ + for (j = 0; j < level; i++, j++) { + tl[i] = (struct sched_domain_topology_level){ + .init = sd_numa_init, + .mask = sd_numa_mask, + .flags = SDTL_OVERLAP, + .numa_level = j, + }; + } + + sched_domain_topology = tl; +} +#else +static inline void sched_init_numa(void) +{ +} +#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */ + static int __sdt_alloc(const struct cpumask *cpu_map) { struct sched_domain_topology_level *tl; @@ -6840,6 +6928,8 @@ void __init sched_init_smp(void) alloc_cpumask_var(&non_isolated_cpus, GFP_KERNEL); alloc_cpumask_var(&fallback_doms, GFP_KERNEL); + sched_init_numa(); + get_online_cpus(); mutex_lock(&sched_domains_mutex); init_sched_domains(cpu_active_mask);