System Power Management Phases
------------------------------
Suspending or resuming the system is done in several phases. Different phases
-are used for standby or memory sleep states ("suspend-to-RAM") and the
+are used for freeze, standby, and memory sleep states ("suspend-to-RAM") and the
hibernation state ("suspend-to-disk"). Each phase involves executing callbacks
for every device before the next phase begins. Not all busses or classes
support all these callbacks and not all drivers use all the callbacks. The
Entering System Suspend
-----------------------
-When the system goes into the standby or memory sleep state, the phases are:
+When the system goes into the freeze, standby or memory sleep state,
+the phases are:
prepare, suspend, suspend_late, suspend_noirq.
Leaving System Suspend
----------------------
-When resuming from standby or memory sleep, the phases are:
+When resuming from freeze, standby or memory sleep, the phases are:
resume_noirq, resume_early, resume, complete.
Entering Hibernation
--------------------
-Hibernating the system is more complicated than putting it into the standby or
-memory sleep state, because it involves creating and saving a system image.
+Hibernating the system is more complicated than putting it into the other
+sleep states, because it involves creating and saving a system image.
Therefore there are more phases for hibernation, with a different set of
callbacks. These phases always run after tasks have been frozen and memory has
been freed.
At this point the system image is saved, and the devices then need to be
prepared for the upcoming system shutdown. This is much like suspending them
-before putting the system into the standby or memory sleep state, and the phases
-are similar.
+before putting the system into the freeze, standby or memory sleep state,
+and the phases are similar.
9. The prepare phase is discussed above.
is mounted at /sys).
/sys/power/state controls system power state. Reading from this file
-returns what states are supported, which is hard-coded to 'standby'
-(Power-On Suspend), 'mem' (Suspend-to-RAM), and 'disk'
+returns what states are supported, which is hard-coded to 'freeze',
+'standby' (Power-On Suspend), 'mem' (Suspend-to-RAM), and 'disk'
(Suspend-to-Disk).
Writing to this file one of those strings causes the system to
System Power Management States
-The kernel supports three power management states generically, though
-each is dependent on platform support code to implement the low-level
-details for each state. This file describes each state, what they are
+The kernel supports four power management states generically, though
+one is generic and the other three are dependent on platform support
+code to implement the low-level details for each state.
+This file describes each state, what they are
commonly called, what ACPI state they map to, and what string to write
to /sys/power/state to enter that state
+state: Freeze / Low-Power Idle
+ACPI state: S0
+String: "freeze"
+
+This state is a generic, pure software, light-weight, low-power state.
+It allows more energy to be saved relative to idle by freezing user
+space and putting all I/O devices into low-power states (possibly
+lower-power than available at run time), such that the processors can
+spend more time in their idle states.
+This state can be used for platforms without Standby/Suspend-to-RAM
+support, or it can be used in addition to Suspend-to-RAM (memory sleep)
+to provide reduced resume latency.
+
State: Standby / Power-On Suspend
ACPI State: S1