+==============================================
+Ordering I/O writes to memory-mapped addresses
+==============================================
+
On some platforms, so-called memory-mapped I/O is weakly ordered. On such
platforms, driver writers are responsible for ensuring that I/O writes to
memory-mapped addresses on their device arrive in the order intended. This is
subsequent writes to I/O space arrived only after all prior writes (much like a
memory barrier op, mb(), only with respect to I/O).
-A more concrete example from a hypothetical device driver:
+A more concrete example from a hypothetical device driver::
- ...
-CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU A: ...
-CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
-CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
- ...
-CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU B: ...
-CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
-CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
- ...
+ ...
+ CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU A: ...
+ CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
+ CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+ ...
+ CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU B: ...
+ CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
+ CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+ ...
In the case above, the device may receive newval2 before it receives newval,
-which could cause problems. Fixing it is easy enough though:
+which could cause problems. Fixing it is easy enough though::
- ...
-CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU A: ...
-CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
-CPU A: (void)readl(safe_register); /* maybe a config register? */
-CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
- ...
-CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU B: ...
-CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
-CPU B: (void)readl(safe_register); /* maybe a config register? */
-CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+ ...
+ CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU A: ...
+ CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
+ CPU A: (void)readl(safe_register); /* maybe a config register? */
+ CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+ ...
+ CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU B: ...
+ CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
+ CPU B: (void)readl(safe_register); /* maybe a config register? */
+ CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
Here, the reads from safe_register will cause the I/O chipset to flush any
pending writes before actually posting the read to the chipset, preventing