BACKPORT: filemap: drop the mmap_sem for all blocking operations

BACKPORT: filemap: drop the mmap_sem for all blocking operations

Currently we only drop the mmap_sem if there is contention on the page
lock.  The idea is that we issue readahead and then go to lock the page
while it is under IO and we want to not hold the mmap_sem during the IO.

The problem with this is the assumption that the readahead does anything.
In the case that the box is under extreme memory or IO pressure we may end
up not reading anything at all for readahead, which means we will end up
reading in the page under the mmap_sem.

Even if the readahead does something, it could get throttled because of io
pressure on the system and the process is in a lower priority cgroup.

Holding the mmap_sem while doing IO is problematic because it can cause
system-wide priority inversions.  Consider some large company that does a
lot of web traffic.  This large company has load balancing logic in it's
core web server, cause some engineer thought this was a brilliant plan.
This load balancing logic gets statistics from /proc about the system,
which trip over processes mmap_sem for various reasons.  Now the web
server application is in a protected cgroup, but these other processes may
not be, and if they are being throttled while their mmap_sem is held we'll
stall, and cause this nice death spiral.

Instead rework filemap fault path to drop the mmap sem at any point that
we may do IO or block for an extended period of time.  This includes while
issuing readahead, locking the page, or needing to call ->readpage because
readahead did not occur.  Then once we have a fully uptodate page we can
return with VM_FAULT_RETRY and come back again to find our nicely in-cache
page that was gotten outside of the mmap_sem.

This patch also adds a new helper for locking the page with the mmap_sem
dropped.  This doesn't make sense currently as generally speaking if the
page is already locked it'll have been read in (unless there was an error)
before it was unlocked.  However a forthcoming patchset will change this
with the ability to abort read-ahead bio's if necessary, making it more
likely that we could contend for a page lock and still have a not uptodate
page.  This allows us to deal with this case by grabbing the lock and
issuing the IO without the mmap_sem held, and then returning
VM_FAULT_RETRY to come back around.

Test: fio mmap ioengine with 8-thread on 4cpu under memory pressure for
stability check
Test: locking holding latency measure with lockstat for performance
check
Bug: 124328118
Change-Id: I18368917b23fecc592e8e4a65b0f3f5576218e45
[josef@toxicpanda.com: v6]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181212152757.10017-1-josef@toxicpanda.com
[kirill@shutemov.name: fix race in filemap_fault()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181228235106.okk3oastsnpxusxs@kshutemo-mobl1
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181211173801.29535-4-josef@toxicpanda.com
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Tested-by: syzbot+b437b5a429d680cf2217@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
(cherry picked from commit 6b4c9f4469819a0c1a38a0a4541337e0f9bf6c11)
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com>