locking/atomic: Fix atomic_try_cmpxchg() semantics

locking/atomic: Fix atomic_try_cmpxchg() semantics

Dmitry noted that the new atomic_try_cmpxchg() primitive is broken when
the old pointer doesn't point to the local stack.

He writes:

  "Consider a classical lock-free stack push:

    node->next = atomic_read(&head);
    do {
    } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg(&head, &node->next, node));

  This code is broken with the current implementation, the problem is
  with unconditional update of *__po.

  In case of success it writes the same value back into *__po, but in
  case of cmpxchg success we might have lose ownership of some memory
  locations and potentially over what __po has pointed to. The same
  holds for the re-read of *__po. "

He also points out that this makes it surprisingly different from the
similar C/C++ atomic operation.

After investigating the code-gen differences caused by this patch; and
a number of alternatives (Linus dislikes this interface lots), we
arrived at these results (size x86_64-defconfig/vmlinux):

  GCC-6.3.0:

  10735757        cmpxchg
  10726413        try_cmpxchg
  10730509        try_cmpxchg + patch
  10730445        try_cmpxchg-linus

  GCC-7 (20170327):

  10709514        cmpxchg
  10704266        try_cmpxchg
  10704266        try_cmpxchg + patch
  10704394        try_cmpxchg-linus

From this we see that the patch has the advantage of better code-gen
on GCC-7 and keeps the interface roughly consistent with the C
language variant.

Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: a9ebf306f52c ("locking/atomic: Introduce atomic_try_cmpxchg()")
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>