Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt

   1
   2                 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
   3                 ==========================================
   4                             Configuration guide
   5
   6
   7 Kernel Configuration
   8 ====================
   9
  10 To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
  11 primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
  12 you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
  13
  14 Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
  15 PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
  16
  17 If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
  18 SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
  19 (CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
  20
  21 To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
  22 and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
  23 too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
  24
  25 Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
  26 (if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
  27 using isapnptools.
  28
  29
  30 Creating ALSA devices
  31 =====================
  32
  33 This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
  34 script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
  35 script named 'snddevices'.
  36
  37
  38 Module parameters
  39 =================
  40
  41 The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
  42 one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
  43 specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
  44
  45 Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
  46
  47   Module snd
  48   ----------
  49
  50     The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
  51     It takes the following options which have global effects.
  52
  53     major       - major number for sound driver
  54                 - Default: 116
  55     cards_limit
  56                 - limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
  57                 - Default: 1
  58                 - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
  59                   option together with snd-card-X aliases.
  60
  61
  62   Module snd-pcm-oss
  63   ------------------
  64
  65     The PCM OSS emulation module.
  66     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  67
  68     dsp_map     - PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  69                 - Default: 0
  70     adsp_map    - PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
  71                 - Default: 1
  72     nonblock_open
  73                 - Don't block opening busy PCM devices.  Default: 1
  74
  75     For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
  76     the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
  77     to PCM #0 of the card #0.
  78     For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
  79     commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
  80
  81     nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
  82     regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
  83     opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
  84     immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
  85
  86   Module snd-rawmidi
  87   ------------------
  88
  89     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  90     similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
  91
  92     midi_map    - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  93                 - Default: 0
  94     amidi_map   - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
  95                 - Default: 1
  96
  97   Common parameters for top sound card modules
  98   --------------------------------------------
  99
 100     Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
 101
 102     index       - index (slot #) of sound card
 103                 - Values: 0 through 31 or negative
 104                 - If nonnegative, assign that index number
 105                 - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
 106                   indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
 107                 - Default: -1
 108     id          - card ID (identifier or name)
 109                 - Can be up to 15 characters long
 110                 - Default: the card type
 111                 - A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
 112                   containing information about the card
 113                 - This ID can be used instead of the index number in
 114                   identifying the card
 115     enable      - enable card
 116                 - Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
 117
 118   Module snd-adlib
 119   ----------------
 120
 121     Module for AdLib FM cards.
 122
 123     port        - port # for OPL chip
 124
 125     This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
 126     the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
 127     Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
 128     synthesis.
 129
 130     Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
 131     after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
 132     number through "sbiload -l". Example output:
 133
 134       Port     Client name                       Port name
 135       64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port
 136
 137     Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:
 138
 139       sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
 140
 141     If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
 142     instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:
 143
 144       aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
 145
 146   Module snd-ad1816a
 147   ------------------
 148
 149     Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
 150
 151     port        - port # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 152     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 153     fm_port     - port # for OPL3 (PnP setup)
 154     irq         - IRQ # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 155     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 156     dma1        - first DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 157     dma2        - second DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 158     clockfreq   - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
 159
 160     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 161
 162   Module snd-ad1848
 163   -----------------
 164
 165     Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
 166
 167     port        - port # for AD1848 chip
 168     irq         - IRQ # for AD1848  chip
 169     dma1        - DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
 170
 171     This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
 172     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 173
 174     The power-management is supported.
 175
 176   Module snd-ad1889
 177   -----------------
 178
 179     Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
 180
 181     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
 182                   See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
 183
 184     This module supports multiple cards.
 185
 186   Module snd-ali5451
 187   ------------------
 188
 189     Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
 190
 191     pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
 192     spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
 193                     - Default: disabled
 194
 195     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
 196
 197     The power-management is supported.
 198
 199   Module snd-als100
 200   -----------------
 201
 202     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
 203
 204     port        - port # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 205     irq         - IRQ # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 206     dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 207     dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 208     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 209     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 210     fm_port     - port # for OPL3 FM (PnP setup)
 211
 212     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 213
 214     The power-management is supported.
 215
 216   Module snd-als300
 217   -----------------
 218
 219     Module for  Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
 220
 221     This module supports multiple cards.
 222
 223     The power-management is supported.
 224
 225   Module snd-als4000
 226   ------------------
 227
 228     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
 229
 230     joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
 231                     0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
 232
 233     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 234
 235     The power-management is supported.
 236
 237   Module snd-atiixp
 238   -----------------
 239
 240     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
 241
 242     ac97_clock          - AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
 243     ac97_quirk          - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
 244                           See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
 245     ac97_codec          - Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec
 246                           instead of probing.  If this works for you
 247                           file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
 248                           -2  -- Force probing.
 249                           -1  -- Default behavior.
 250                           0-2 -- Use the specified codec.
 251     spdif_aclink        - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
 252
 253     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 254
 255     ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
 256     over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
 257     implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
 258     choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
 259
 260     The power-management is supported.
 261
 262   Module snd-atiixp-modem
 263   -----------------------
 264
 265     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
 266
 267     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 268
 269     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
 270           slot is excluded.
 271
 272     The power-management is supported.
 273
 274   Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
 275   -----------------------------------------
 276
 277     Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
 278
 279     pcifix      - Control PCI workarounds
 280                   0 = Disable all workarounds
 281                   1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
 282                   2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
 283                       Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
 284                   3 = Force both settings
 285                   255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
 286
 287     This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
 288     EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
 289     Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
 290     http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
 291     SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
 292     "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
 293     The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
 294     Advantage.
 295
 296     Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
 297            control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
 298            another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
 299
 300   Module snd-azt2320
 301   ------------------
 302
 303     Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
 304
 305     port        - port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
 306     wss_port    - port # for WSS (PnP setup)
 307     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 308     fm_port     - FM port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
 309     irq         - IRQ # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 310     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 311     dma1        - 1st DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 312     dma2        - 2nd DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 313
 314     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
 315
 316     The power-management is supported.
 317
 318   Module snd-azt3328
 319   ------------------
 320
 321     Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
 322
 323     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off)
 324
 325     This module supports multiple cards.
 326
 327   Module snd-bt87x
 328   ----------------
 329
 330     Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
 331
 332     digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
 333     load_all    - Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
 334
 335     This module supports multiple cards.
 336
 337     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
 338           slot is excluded.
 339
 340   Module snd-ca0106
 341   -----------------
 342
 343     Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
 344
 345     This module supports multiple cards.
 346
 347
 348   Module snd-cmi8330
 349   ------------------
 350
 351     Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
 352
 353     wssport     - port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 354     wssirq      - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 355     wssdma      - first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 356     sbport      - port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 357     sbirq       - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 358     sbdma8      - 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 359     sbdma16     - 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 360
 361     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 362
 363     The power-management is supported.
 364
 365   Module snd-cmipci
 366   -----------------
 367
 368     Module for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI sound cards.
 369
 370     mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
 371                   1 = integrated PCI port,
 372                   0 = disable (default)
 373     fm_port     - 0x388 = legacy port,
 374                   1 = integrated PCI port (default),
 375                   0 = disable
 376     soft_ac3    - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
 377                   (default = 1)
 378     joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
 379
 380     This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
 381
 382     The power-management is supported.
 383
 384   Module snd-cs4231
 385   -----------------
 386
 387     Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
 388
 389     port        - port # for CS4231 chip
 390     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
 391     irq         - IRQ # for CS4231 chip
 392     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
 393     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4231 chip
 394     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4231 chip
 395
 396     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 397     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 398
 399     The power-management is supported.
 400
 401   Module snd-cs4232
 402   -----------------
 403
 404     Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A ISA chips.
 405
 406     port        - port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
 407     cport       - control port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
 408     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
 409     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
 410     irq         - IRQ # for CS4232 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
 411     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
 412     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4232 chip (0,1,3)
 413     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha CS4232 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
 414     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 415
 416     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 417     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 418
 419     The power-management is supported.
 420
 421   Module snd-cs4236
 422   -----------------
 423
 424     Module for sound cards based on CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
 425                                    CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
 426
 427     port        - port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
 428     cport       - control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
 429     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
 430     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
 431     irq         - IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
 432     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
 433     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
 434     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
 435     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 436
 437     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 438     (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
 439     specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 440
 441     The power-management is supported.
 442
 443   Module snd-cs4281
 444   -----------------
 445
 446     Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
 447
 448     dual_codec  - Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
 449
 450     This module supports multiple cards.
 451
 452     The power-management is supported.
 453
 454   Module snd-cs46xx
 455   -----------------
 456
 457     Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
 458                                        CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
 459
 460     external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifier.
 461     thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
 462     mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
 463
 464     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 465     Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
 466     from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
 467     above explicitly.
 468
 469     The power-management is supported.
 470
 471   Module snd-cs5530
 472   _________________
 473
 474     Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
 475
 476   Module snd-cs5535audio
 477   ----------------------
 478
 479     Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
 480
 481     The power-management is supported.
 482
 483   Module snd-darla20
 484   ------------------
 485
 486     Module for Echoaudio Darla20
 487
 488     This module supports multiple cards.
 489     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 490
 491   Module snd-darla24
 492   ------------------
 493
 494     Module for Echoaudio Darla24
 495
 496     This module supports multiple cards.
 497     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 498
 499   Module snd-dt019x
 500   -----------------
 501
 502     Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
 503     only)
 504
 505     port        - Port # (PnP setup)
 506     mpu_port    - Port # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 507     fm_port     - Port # for FM OPL-3 (PnP setup)
 508     irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
 509     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 510     dma8        - DMA # (PnP setup)
 511
 512     This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
 513     ISA PnP support.
 514
 515     The power-management is supported.
 516
 517   Module snd-dummy
 518   ----------------
 519
 520     Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
 521     or input, but you may use this module for any application which
 522     requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
 523
 524     The power-management is supported.
 525
 526   Module snd-echo3g
 527   -----------------
 528
 529     Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
 530
 531     This module supports multiple cards.
 532     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 533
 534   Module snd-emu10k1
 535   ------------------
 536
 537     Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
 538                         * Sound Blaster Live!
 539                         * Sound Blaster PCI 512
 540                         * Emu APS (partially supported)
 541                         * Sound Blaster Audigy
 542
 543     extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
 544     extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
 545     seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
 546     max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
 547     max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
 548                        given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
 549     enable_ir - enable IR
 550
 551     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 552
 553     Input & Output configurations                       [extin/extout]
 554         * Creative Card wo/Digital out                  [0x0003/0x1f03]
 555         * Creative Card w/Digital out                   [0x0003/0x1f0f]
 556         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in                 [0x000f/0x1f0f]
 557         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive      [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
 558         * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive       [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
 559         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive     [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
 560         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
 561         * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2   [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
 562         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
 563         * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive   [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
 564         * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003                    [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
 565         * Creative Card all ins and outs                [0x3fff/0x7fff]
 566
 567     The power-management is supported.
 568
 569   Module snd-emu10k1x
 570   -------------------
 571
 572     Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
 573
 574     This module supports multiple cards.
 575
 576   Module snd-ens1370
 577   ------------------
 578
 579     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
 580                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
 581                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
 582
 583     joystick            - Enable joystick (default off)
 584
 585     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 586
 587     The power-management is supported.
 588
 589   Module snd-ens1371
 590   ------------------
 591
 592     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
 593                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
 594                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
 595                         * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
 596
 597     joystick_port       - port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
 598                           0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
 599
 600     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 601
 602     The power-management is supported.
 603
 604   Module snd-es968
 605   ----------------
 606
 607     Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only).
 608
 609     port        - port # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 610     irq         - IRQ # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 611     dma1        - DMA # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 612
 613     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
 614
 615     The power-management is supported.
 616
 617   Module snd-es1688
 618   -----------------
 619
 620     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
 621
 622     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
 623     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
 624     irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
 625     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
 626     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
 627
 628     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
 629
 630   Module snd-es18xx
 631   -----------------
 632
 633     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
 634
 635     port        - port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
 636     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
 637     fm_port     - port # for FM (optional, not used)
 638     irq         - IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
 639     dma1        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
 640     dma2        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
 641     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 642
 643     This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
 644     port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
 645     When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
 646
 647     The power-management is supported.
 648
 649   Module snd-es1938
 650   -----------------
 651
 652     Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
 653
 654     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 655
 656     The power-management is supported.
 657
 658   Module snd-es1968
 659   -----------------
 660
 661     Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
 662
 663     total_bufsize       - total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
 664     pcm_substreams_p    - playback channels (1-8, default=2)
 665     pcm_substreams_c    - capture channels (1-8, default=0)
 666     clock               - clock (0 = auto-detection)
 667     use_pm              - support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
 668                           2 = auto (default))
 669     enable_mpu          - enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
 670     joystick            - enable joystick (default off)
 671
 672     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 673
 674     The power-management is supported.
 675
 676   Module snd-fm801
 677   ----------------
 678
 679     Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
 680
 681     tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
 682                           - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
 683                           - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
 684                           - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
 685                           - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
 686                           - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
 687
 688     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 689
 690     The power-management is supported.
 691
 692   Module snd-gina20
 693   -----------------
 694
 695     Module for Echoaudio Gina20
 696
 697     This module supports multiple cards.
 698     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 699
 700   Module snd-gina24
 701   -----------------
 702
 703     Module for Echoaudio Gina24
 704
 705     This module supports multiple cards.
 706     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 707
 708   Module snd-gusclassic
 709   ---------------------
 710
 711     Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
 712
 713     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 714     irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 715     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 716     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
 717     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 718     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 719     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 720
 721     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 722
 723   Module snd-gusextreme
 724   ---------------------
 725
 726     Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
 727
 728     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 729     gf1_port    - port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
 730     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
 731     irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
 732     gf1_irq     - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 733     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
 734     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
 735     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 736     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 737     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 738     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 739
 740     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
 741
 742   Module snd-gusmax
 743   -----------------
 744
 745     Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
 746
 747     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 748     irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 749     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 750     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
 751     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 752     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 753     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 754
 755     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 756
 757   Module snd-hda-intel
 758   --------------------
 759
 760     Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8),
 761                 ATI SB450, SB600, RS600,
 762                 VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
 763                 SIS966, ULI M5461
 764
 765     model       - force the model name
 766     position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = FIFO size)
 767     probe_mask  - Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots)
 768     single_cmd  - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
 769                 codecs (for debugging only)
 770     enable_msi  - Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
 771
 772     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 773
 774     Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
 775     If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
 776     configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
 777     specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
 778     models depending on the codec chip.
 779
 780           Model name    Description
 781           ----------    -----------
 782         ALC880
 783           3stack        3-jack in back and a headphone out
 784           3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out
 785           5stack        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 786           5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out
 787           6stack        6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 788           6stack-digout 6-jack with a SPDIF out
 789           w810          3-jack
 790           z71v          3-jack (HP shared SPDIF)
 791           asus          3-jack (ASUS Mobo)
 792           asus-w1v      ASUS W1V
 793           asus-dig      ASUS with SPDIF out
 794           asus-dig2     ASUS with SPDIF out (using GPIO2)
 795           uniwill       3-jack
 796           fujitsu       Fujitsu Laptops (Pi1536)
 797           F1734         2-jack
 798           lg            LG laptop (m1 express dual)
 799           lg-lw         LG LW20/LW25 laptop
 800           tcl           TCL S700
 801           clevo         Clevo laptops (m520G, m665n)
 802           test          for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be
 803                         adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
 804                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
 805           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 806
 807         ALC260
 808           hp            HP machines
 809           hp-3013       HP machines (3013-variant)
 810           fujitsu       Fujitsu S7020
 811           acer          Acer TravelMate
 812           will          Will laptops (PB V7900)
 813           replacer      Replacer 672V
 814           basic         fixed pin assignment (old default model)
 815           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 816
 817         ALC262
 818           fujitsu       Fujitsu Laptop
 819           hp-bpc        HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops
 820           hp-bpc-d7000  HP BPC D7000
 821           benq          Benq ED8
 822           benq-t31      Benq T31
 823           hippo         Hippo (ATI) with jack detection, Sony UX-90s
 824           hippo_1       Hippo (Benq) with jack detection
 825           sony-assamd   Sony ASSAMD
 826           basic         fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF
 827           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 828
 829         ALC268
 830           3stack        3-stack model
 831           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 832
 833         ALC662
 834           3stack-dig    3-stack (2-channel) with SPDIF
 835           3stack-6ch     3-stack (6-channel)
 836           3stack-6ch-dig 3-stack (6-channel) with SPDIF
 837           6stack-dig     6-stack with SPDIF
 838           lenovo-101e    Lenovo laptop
 839           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 840
 841         ALC882/885
 842           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 843           6stack-dig    6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
 844           arima         Arima W820Di1
 845           macpro        MacPro support
 846           imac24        iMac 24'' with jack detection
 847           w2jc          ASUS W2JC
 848           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 849
 850         ALC883/888
 851           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 852           6stack-dig    6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
 853           3stack-6ch    3-jack 6-channel
 854           3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O
 855           6stack-dig-demo  6-jack digital for Intel demo board
 856           acer          Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)
 857           medion        Medion Laptops
 858           medion-md2    Medion MD2
 859           targa-dig     Targa/MSI
 860           targa-2ch-dig Targs/MSI with 2-channel
 861           laptop-eapd   3-jack with SPDIF I/O and EAPD (Clevo M540JE, M550JE)
 862           lenovo-101e   Lenovo 101E
 863           lenovo-nb0763 Lenovo NB0763
 864           lenovo-ms7195-dig Lenovo MS7195
 865           6stack-hp     HP machines with 6stack (Nettle boards)
 866           3stack-hp     HP machines with 3stack (Lucknow, Samba boards)
 867           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 868
 869         ALC861/660
 870           3stack        3-jack
 871           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 872           6stack-dig    6-jack with SPDIF I/O
 873           3stack-660    3-jack (for ALC660)
 874           uniwill-m31   Uniwill M31 laptop
 875           toshiba       Toshiba laptop support
 876           asus          Asus laptop support
 877           asus-laptop   ASUS F2/F3 laptops
 878           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 879
 880         ALC861VD/660VD
 881           3stack        3-jack
 882           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF OUT
 883           6stack-dig    6-jack with SPDIF OUT
 884           3stack-660    3-jack (for ALC660VD)
 885           3stack-660-digout 3-jack with SPDIF OUT (for ALC660VD)
 886           lenovo        Lenovo 3000 C200
 887           dallas        Dallas laptops
 888           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 889
 890         CMI9880
 891           minimal       3-jack in back
 892           min_fp        3-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 893           full          6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 894           full_dig      6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O
 895           allout        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out
 896           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 897
 898         AD1882
 899           3stack        3-stack mode (default)
 900           6stack        6-stack mode
 901
 902         AD1884
 903           N/A
 904
 905         AD1981
 906           basic         3-jack (default)
 907           hp            HP nx6320
 908           thinkpad      Lenovo Thinkpad T60/X60/Z60
 909           toshiba       Toshiba U205
 910
 911         AD1983
 912           N/A
 913
 914         AD1984
 915           basic         default configuration
 916           thinkpad      Lenovo Thinkpad T61/X61
 917
 918         AD1986A
 919           6stack        6-jack, separate surrounds (default)
 920           3stack        3-stack, shared surrounds
 921           laptop        2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50)
 922           laptop-eapd   2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J)
 923           ultra         2-channel with EAPD (Samsung Ultra tablet PC)
 924
 925         AD1988
 926           6stack        6-jack
 927           6stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 928           3stack        3-jack
 929           3stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 930           laptop        3-jack with hp-jack automute
 931           laptop-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 932           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 933
 934         Conexant 5045
 935           laptop        Laptop config
 936           test          for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls
 937                         can be adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
 938                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
 939
 940         Conexant 5047
 941           laptop        Basic Laptop config
 942           laptop-hp     Laptop config for some HP models (subdevice 30A5)
 943           laptop-eapd   Laptop config with EAPD support
 944           test          for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls
 945                         can be adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
 946                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
 947
 948         STAC9200/9205/9254
 949           ref           Reference board
 950
 951         STAC9220/9221
 952           ref           Reference board
 953           3stack        D945 3stack
 954           5stack        D945 5stack + SPDIF
 955           dell          Dell XPS M1210
 956           intel-mac-v1  Intel Mac Type 1
 957           intel-mac-v2  Intel Mac Type 2
 958           intel-mac-v3  Intel Mac Type 3
 959           intel-mac-v4  Intel Mac Type 4
 960           intel-mac-v5  Intel Mac Type 5
 961           macmini       Intel Mac Mini (equivalent with type 3)
 962           macbook       Intel Mac Book (eq. type 5)
 963           macbook-pro-v1 Intel Mac Book Pro 1st generation (eq. type 3)
 964           macbook-pro   Intel Mac Book Pro 2nd generation (eq. type 3)
 965           imac-intel    Intel iMac (eq. type 2)
 966           imac-intel-20 Intel iMac (newer version) (eq. type 3)
 967
 968         STAC9202/9250/9251
 969           ref           Reference board, base config
 970           m2-2          Some Gateway MX series laptops
 971           m6            Some Gateway NX series laptops
 972           pa6           Gateway NX860 series
 973
 974         STAC9227/9228/9229/927x
 975           ref           Reference board
 976           3stack        D965 3stack
 977           5stack        D965 5stack + SPDIF
 978
 979         STAC9872
 980           vaio          Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110
 981           vaio-ar Setup for VAIO AR
 982
 983     The model name "genric" is treated as a special case.  When this
 984     model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
 985     "codec-patch".  It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
 986
 987     If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
 988     matches with your device, report it together with the PCI
 989     subsystem ID (output of "lspci -nv") to ALSA BTS or alsa-devel
 990     ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").
 991
 992     Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
 993             position_fix=1 or 2.  position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
 994             register value without FIFO size correction as the current
 995             DMA pointer.  position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
 996             the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
 997             (Usually SD_LPLIB register is more accurate than the
 998             position buffer.)
 999
1000     NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
1001     loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
1002     routing).  Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi".  Also, you
1003     can try "single_cmd=1" module option.  This will switch the
1004     communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
1005     single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
1006     single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
1007     unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
1008     from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
1009     avoided as much as possible...
1010
1011     MORE NOTES ON "azx_get_response timeout" PROBLEMS:
1012     On some hardwares, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
1013     to avoid the "azx_get_response timeout" problem above, instead.
1014     This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
1015     (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
1016     bus.  You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
1017     CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_DETECT, or simply from the file name of the codec
1018     proc files.  Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
1019     For example, probe_mask=1 means to probe only the first slot, and
1020     probe_mask=4 means only the third slot.
1021
1022     The power-management is supported.
1023
1024   Module snd-hdsp
1025   ---------------
1026
1027     Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
1028
1029     This module supports multiple cards.
1030
1031     Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
1032           when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
1033           the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
1034           package.
1035           The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
1036
1037     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1038           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1039           when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
1040           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1041           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
1042           section.
1043
1044   Module snd-hdspm
1045   ----------------
1046
1047     Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
1048
1049     precise_ptr         - Enable precise pointer, or disable.
1050     line_outs_monitor   - Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
1051     enable_monitor      - Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
1052
1053     See hdspm.txt for details.
1054
1055   Module snd-ice1712
1056   ------------------
1057
1058     Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
1059                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
1060                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
1061                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
1062                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
1063                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
1064                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
1065                         * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
1066                         * TerraTec EWS 88MT
1067                         * TerraTec EWS 88D
1068                         * TerraTec EWX 24/96
1069                         * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
1070                         * TerraTec Phase 88
1071                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
1072                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
1073                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
1074                         * Event Electronics, EZ8
1075                         * Digigram VX442
1076                         * Lionstracs, Mediastaton
1077
1078     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
1079                   delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
1080                   delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
1081                   dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
1082                   phase88, mediastation
1083     omni        - Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
1084     cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver)
1085                      in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
1086
1087     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
1088     is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
1089     serie).
1090
1091     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1092           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1093           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
1094           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1095           type for testing.
1096
1097   Module snd-ice1724
1098   ------------------
1099
1100     Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
1101                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
1102                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
1103                         * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
1104                         * AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
1105                         * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
1106                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
1107                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
1108                         * TerraTec Phase 22
1109                         * TerraTec Phase 28
1110                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
1111                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1LT
1112                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 192
1113                         * Pontis MS300
1114                         * Albatron K8X800 Pro II
1115                         * Chaintech ZNF3-150
1116                         * Chaintech ZNF3-250
1117                         * Chaintech 9CJS
1118                         * Chaintech AV-710
1119                         * Shuttle SN25P
1120
1121     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
1122                   revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
1123                   prodigy192, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192,
1124                   k8x800, phase22, phase28, ms300, av710
1125
1126     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1127
1128     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1129           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1130           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
1131           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1132           type for testing.
1133
1134   Module snd-indigo
1135   -----------------
1136
1137     Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1138
1139     This module supports multiple cards.
1140     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1141
1142   Module snd-indigodj
1143   -------------------
1144
1145     Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1146
1147     This module supports multiple cards.
1148     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1149
1150   Module snd-indigoio
1151   -------------------
1152
1153     Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1154
1155     This module supports multiple cards.
1156     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1157
1158   Module snd-intel8x0
1159   -------------------
1160
1161     Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1162                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1163                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ESB2
1164                         * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1165                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
1166                                  CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1167                         * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1168                         * ALi m5455
1169
1170     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1171     ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1172                     See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1173     buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
1174                     motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
1175                     otherwise off)
1176     buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy
1177                     semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
1178                     (default off)
1179     spdif_aclink  - Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection
1180                     from the controller chip
1181                     (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
1182
1183     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1184
1185     Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1186     if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1187     explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
1188
1189     Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
1190     motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1191     modules, respectively.
1192
1193     The power-management is supported.
1194
1195   Module snd-intel8x0m
1196   --------------------
1197
1198     Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1199                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1200                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1201                         * SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1202                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1203                         * AMD AMD8111
1204                         * ALi m5455
1205
1206     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1207
1208     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1209
1210     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1211           slot is excluded.
1212
1213     The power-management is supported.
1214
1215   Module snd-interwave
1216   --------------------
1217
1218     Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1219     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1220
1221     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1222     irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1223     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1224     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1225     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1226     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1227     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1228     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1229                   requires 8 voices
1230
1231     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1232
1233   Module snd-interwave-stb
1234   ------------------------
1235
1236     Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1237     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1238     circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1239
1240     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1241     port_tc     - tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1242     irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1243     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1244     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1245     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1246     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1247     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1248     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1249                   requires 8 voices
1250
1251     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1252
1253   Module snd-korg1212
1254   -------------------
1255
1256     Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1257
1258     This module supports multiple cards.
1259
1260   Module snd-layla20
1261   ------------------
1262
1263     Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1264
1265     This module supports multiple cards.
1266     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1267
1268   Module snd-layla24
1269   ------------------
1270
1271     Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1272
1273     This module supports multiple cards.
1274     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1275
1276   Module snd-maestro3
1277   -------------------
1278
1279     Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1280
1281     external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
1282     amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
1283                        -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
1284                        others)
1285
1286     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1287
1288     Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1289     If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1290     specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1291     For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
1292     option.
1293
1294     The power-management is supported.
1295
1296   Module snd-mia
1297   ---------------
1298
1299     Module for Echoaudio Mia
1300
1301     This module supports multiple cards.
1302     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1303
1304   Module snd-miro
1305   ---------------
1306
1307     Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro,
1308                                 miroSOUND PCM 12,
1309                                 miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1310
1311     port        - Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1312     irq         - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1313     dma1        - 1st dma # (0,1,3)
1314     dma2        - 2nd dma # (0,1)
1315     mpu_port    - MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1316     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1317     fm_port     - FM Port # (0x388)
1318     wss         - enable WSS mode
1319     ide         - enable onboard ide support
1320
1321   Module snd-mixart
1322   -----------------
1323
1324     Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1325
1326     This module supports multiple cards.
1327     Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1328           See MIXART.txt for details.
1329
1330     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1331     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1332     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1333     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1334     firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1335
1336   Module snd-mona
1337   ---------------
1338
1339     Module for Echoaudio Mona
1340
1341     This module supports multiple cards.
1342     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1343
1344   Module snd-mpu401
1345   -----------------
1346
1347     Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1348
1349     port        - port number or -1 (disable)
1350     irq         - IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1351     pnp         - PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1352     uart_enter  - Issue UART_ENTER command at open - bool, default = on
1353
1354     This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1355
1356   Module snd-mtpav
1357   ----------------
1358
1359     Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1360     port).
1361
1362     port        - I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1363     irq         - IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1364     hwports     - number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1365
1366     Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
1367
1368   Module snd-mts64
1369   ----------------
1370
1371     Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1372
1373     This module supports multiple devices.
1374     Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).
1375
1376   Module snd-nm256
1377   ----------------
1378
1379     Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1380
1381     playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1382     capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1383     force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1384     buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
1385     use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1386     vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1387     reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1388     reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
1389                       other laptops
1390
1391     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1392
1393     The power-management is supported.
1394
1395     Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1396     automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1397     In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
1398     the buffer_top option.
1399     For example,
1400       Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1401       Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1402     The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
1403     to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
1404     case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1405     works!
1406
1407     Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1408     codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1409     with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1410     even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
1411     other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
1412     but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify isapnp=0
1413     and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1414
1415     Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
1416     known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1417     workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
1418     hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
1419
1420     Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1421     AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1422     turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
1423     previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1424
1425     Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
1426     OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1427     The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1428     X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
1429     the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
1430     you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1431     problem.
1432
1433   Module snd-opl3sa2
1434   ------------------
1435
1436     Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1437
1438     port        - control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1439     sb_port     - SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1440     wss_port    - WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1441     midi_port   - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1442     fm_port     - FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1443     irq         - IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1444     dma1        - first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1445     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1446     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1447
1448     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
1449     autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1450
1451     The power-management is supported.
1452
1453   Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1454   -------------------------
1455
1456     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1457     Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1458
1459     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1460     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1461     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1462     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1463     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1464     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1465
1466     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1467
1468   Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1469   -------------------------
1470
1471     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1472
1473     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1474     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1475     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1476     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1477     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1478     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1479     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1480
1481     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1482
1483   Module snd-opti93x
1484   ------------------
1485
1486     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1487
1488     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1489     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1490     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1491     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1492     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1493     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1494     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1495
1496     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1497
1498   Module snd-pcxhr
1499   ----------------
1500
1501     Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1502
1503     This module supports multiple cards.
1504
1505   Module snd-portman2x4
1506   ---------------------
1507
1508     Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
1509
1510     This module supports multiple cards.
1511
1512   Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1513   ---------------------------------
1514
1515     Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1516
1517     enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1518
1519     Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1520
1521     Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
1522
1523     The power-management is supported.
1524
1525   Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1526   ------------------------------------
1527
1528     Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1529
1530     For ARM architecture only.
1531
1532     The power-management is supported.
1533
1534   Module snd-riptide
1535   ------------------
1536
1537     Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1538
1539       joystick_port     - Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1540       mpu_port          - MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1541       opl3_port         - OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1542
1543     This module supports multiple cards.
1544     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1545     You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
1546     firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1547
1548   Module snd-rme32
1549   ----------------
1550
1551     Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1552     Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1553
1554     This module supports multiple cards.
1555
1556   Module snd-rme96
1557   ----------------
1558
1559     Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1560
1561     This module supports multiple cards.
1562
1563   Module snd-rme9652
1564   ------------------
1565
1566     Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1567
1568     precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
1569                   (default = 0)
1570
1571     This module supports multiple cards.
1572
1573     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1574           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1575           when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
1576           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1577           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
1578           section.
1579
1580   Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1581   ---------------------------------------
1582
1583     Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1584
1585     Module supports only one card.
1586     Module has no enable and index options.
1587
1588     The power-management is supported.
1589
1590   Module snd-sb8
1591   --------------
1592
1593     Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
1594                                          SoundBlaster 2.0,
1595                                          SoundBlaster Pro
1596
1597     port        - port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1598     irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1599     dma8        - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1600
1601     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1602
1603     The power-management is supported.
1604
1605   Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1606   -----------------------------
1607
1608     Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1609                                           SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
1610                                           SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1611
1612     port        - port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1613     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1614     awe_port    - base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
1615                    (snd-sbawe module only)
1616     irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1617     dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1618     dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1619     mic_agc     - Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1620     csp         - ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1621     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1622
1623     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1624
1625     Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1626           disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1627           Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1628           half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
1629           16-bit DMA channel.
1630
1631     The power-management is supported.
1632
1633   Module snd-sgalaxy
1634   ------------------
1635
1636     Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card.
1637
1638     sbport      - Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
1639     wssport     - Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1640     irq         - IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
1641     dma1        - DMA #
1642
1643     This module supports multiple cards.
1644
1645     The power-management is supported.
1646
1647   Module snd-sscape
1648   -----------------
1649
1650     Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP cards.
1651
1652     port        - Port # (PnP setup)
1653     irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
1654     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
1655     dma         - DMA # (PnP setup)
1656
1657     This module supports multiple cards.  ISA PnP must be enabled.
1658     You need sscape_ctl tool in alsa-tools package for loading
1659     the microcode.
1660
1661   Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
1662   --------------------------------------
1663
1664     Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1665
1666     This module supports multiple cards.
1667
1668   Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
1669   -------------------------------------
1670
1671     Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1672
1673     This module supports multiple cards.
1674
1675   Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
1676   -----------------------------------
1677
1678     Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
1679
1680     This module supports multiple cards.
1681
1682   Module snd-wavefront
1683   --------------------
1684
1685     Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
1686
1687     cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1688     cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
1689     cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
1690     cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
1691     use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
1692                       (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
1693     ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
1694     ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
1695     fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
1696     dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1697     dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1698     isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1699
1700     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
1701
1702   Module snd-sonicvibes
1703   ---------------------
1704
1705     Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
1706                         * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
1707
1708     reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1709                   - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
1710     mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1711
1712     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1713
1714   Module snd-serial-u16550
1715   ------------------------
1716
1717     Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
1718
1719     port        - port # for UART16550A chip
1720     irq         - IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
1721     speed       - speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
1722                   38400 = default
1723     base        - base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
1724                   115200 = default
1725     outs        - number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1726                   1 = default
1727     adaptor     - Type of adaptor.
1728                   0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
1729                   3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
1730
1731     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
1732     thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
1733
1734   Module snd-trident
1735   ------------------
1736
1737     Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
1738                         * Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
1739                         * HIS  4DWave PCI
1740                         * Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
1741                         * AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
1742                         * Addonics  SV 750
1743                         * CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
1744                         * Shark  Predator4D-PCI
1745                         * Jaton  SonicWave 4D
1746
1747     pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
1748     wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
1749
1750     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1751
1752     The power-management is supported.
1753
1754   Module snd-usb-audio
1755   --------------------
1756
1757     Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
1758
1759     vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
1760     pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
1761     device_setup    - Device specific magic number (optional)
1762                     - Influence depends on the device
1763                     - Default: 0x0000
1764
1765     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1766
1767   Module snd-usb-caiaq
1768   --------------------
1769
1770     Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
1771             * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
1772             * Native Instruments Kore Controller
1773             * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
1774             * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
1775
1776     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1777
1778   Module snd-usb-usx2y
1779   --------------------
1780
1781     Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
1782
1783     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1784
1785     Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
1786           in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
1787
1788   Module snd-via82xx
1789   ------------------
1790
1791     Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
1792     8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
1793
1794     mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
1795                   [VIA686A/686B only]
1796     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
1797     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1798     dxs_support - support DXS channels,
1799                   0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
1800                   3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
1801                   rate and different sample rates on different
1802                   channels
1803                   [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
1804     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1805                   See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1806
1807     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1808
1809     Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
1810           not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
1811           set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
1812           default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
1813           assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
1814
1815     Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
1816           channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
1817           streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
1818           can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
1819           each channel.
1820           As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
1821           except for the known devices since the output is often
1822           noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
1823           bug of BIOS.
1824           Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
1825           sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
1826           know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
1827           "lspci -nv").
1828           If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
1829           doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
1830           usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
1831           board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
1832           work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
1833           right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
1834           try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
1835           In any cases, please let us know the result and the
1836           subsystem vendor/device ids.  See "Links and Addresses"
1837           below.
1838
1839     Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
1840           additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
1841
1842     The power-management is supported.
1843
1844   Module snd-via82xx-modem
1845   ------------------------
1846
1847     Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
1848
1849     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1850
1851     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1852
1853     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1854           slot is excluded.
1855
1856     The power-management is supported.
1857
1858   Module snd-virmidi
1859   ------------------
1860
1861     Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
1862     This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
1863     to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
1864
1865     midi_devs   - MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
1866
1867     This module supports multiple cards.
1868
1869   Module snd-vx222
1870   ----------------
1871
1872     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
1873
1874     mic         - Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
1875     ibl         - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1876
1877     This module supports multiple cards.
1878
1879     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1880     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1881     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1882     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1883     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
1884     vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
1885
1886         install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
1887
1888     (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
1889      /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
1890     IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
1891     gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
1892     The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
1893     size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
1894     /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
1895
1896     The power-management is supported.
1897
1898   Module snd-vxpocket
1899   -------------------
1900
1901     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
1902
1903     ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1904
1905     This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
1906     PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
1907
1908     With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
1909     manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
1910     sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
1911     longer require a config file.
1912
1913     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1914     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1915     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1916     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1917     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1918
1919     About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
1920
1921     Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
1922            ALSA 1.0.10.
1923
1924     The power-management is supported.
1925
1926   Module snd-ymfpci
1927   -----------------
1928
1929     Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
1930
1931     mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
1932                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
1933     fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
1934                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
1935     joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
1936                     1 (auto-detect)
1937     rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
1938
1939     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1940
1941     The power-management is supported.
1942
1943   Module snd-pdaudiocf
1944   --------------------
1945
1946     Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
1947
1948     The power-management is supported.
1949
1950
1951 AC97 Quirk Option
1952 =================
1953
1954 The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
1955 specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
1956 snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
1957 and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
1958 specifications from version to version :-)
1959
1960 The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
1961 but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
1962 the proper value with this option.
1963
1964 The following strings are accepted:
1965     - default   Don't override the default setting
1966     - none      Disable the quirk
1967     - hp_only   Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
1968     - swap_hp   Swap headphone and master controls
1969     - swap_surround  Swap master and surround controls
1970     - ad_sharing  For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
1971     - alc_jack  For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
1972     - inv_eapd  Inverted EAPD implementation
1973     - mute_led  Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
1974
1975 For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
1976 ... are  accepted, too.
1977
1978 For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
1979 but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
1980
1981
1982 Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
1983 ============================
1984
1985 When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
1986 supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
1987 If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
1988 For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
1989 together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
1990
1991 When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
1992 will be not built in.
1993
1994
1995 Module Autoloading Support
1996 ==========================
1997
1998 The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
1999 module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
2000 devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
2001
2002 To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
2003 'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
2004 corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
2005 as the same card module.
2006
2007 An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
2008 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2009 alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
2010 alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
2011 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2012
2013 The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
2014 option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
2015 To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
2016 sound cards in that option.
2017
2018 When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
2019 number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
2020 cards is kept consistent.
2021
2022 An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
2023
2024 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2025 # ALSA portion
2026 options snd cards_limit=2
2027 alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
2028 alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
2029 options snd-interwave index=0
2030 options snd-ens1371 index=1
2031 # OSS/Free portion
2032 alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
2033 alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
2034 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2035
2036 In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
2037 (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
2038
2039
2040 ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
2041 =======================================
2042
2043 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
2044 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
2045 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
2046 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
2047 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
2048 /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
2049 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
2050 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
2051 /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
2052
2053 The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
2054 sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
2055 have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
2056 playback, respectively.
2057
2058 Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
2059 options of snd-pcm-oss module.
2060
2061
2062 Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
2063 ==============================
2064
2065 /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
2066 -------------------------------
2067   String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
2068   String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
2069
2070    <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
2071    <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
2072    <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
2073    <options> - optional parameters
2074           - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
2075                       this channel but does not want to use it.
2076                       (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
2077                       It's good for Quake etc...
2078           - direct    don't use plugins
2079           - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
2080           - non-block force non-block mode
2081           - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
2082                         playback only)
2083           - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
2084           - buggy-ptr   Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
2085                         instead of filled blocks
2086
2087   Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2088            echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
2089            echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2090
2091
2092 Early Buffer Allocation
2093 =======================
2094
2095 Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
2096 sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
2097 actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
2098 PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
2099 proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
2100 /etc/init.d/*.local scripts.
2101
2102 Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
2103 usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
2104 commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
2105
2106   - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
2107
2108     VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
2109     integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
2110     MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
2111     SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
2112     k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
2113     BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
2114     than 0.  The max number is 4.
2115
2116   - erase
2117
2118     This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
2119     use.
2120
2121
2122 Links and Addresses
2123 ===================
2124
2125   ALSA project homepage
2126        http://www.alsa-project.org
2127
2128   ALSA Bug Tracking System
2129        https://bugtrack.alsa-project.org/bugs/
2130
2131   ALSA Developers ML
2132        mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org