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840f6690 MCC |
1 | Minimal requerements to compile the Kernel |
2 | ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | |
3 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
4 | Intro |
5 | ===== | |
6 | ||
7 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of | |
5adaf851 | 8 | software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels. |
1da177e4 LT |
9 | |
10 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels | |
11 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, | |
12 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the | |
13 | 'net). | |
14 | ||
1da177e4 | 15 | Current Minimal Requirements |
840f6690 | 16 | **************************** |
1da177e4 | 17 | |
840f6690 | 18 | Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've |
1da177e4 LT |
19 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently |
20 | running, the suggested command should tell you. | |
21 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
22 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally |
23 | running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all | |
24 | systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example, | |
25 | you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils. | |
1da177e4 | 26 | |
840f6690 MCC |
27 | ====================== =============== ======================================== |
28 | Program Minimal version Command to check the version | |
29 | ====================== =============== ======================================== | |
30 | GNU C 3.2 gcc --version | |
31 | GNU make 3.80 make --version | |
32 | binutils 2.12 ld -v | |
33 | util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version | |
34 | module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V | |
35 | e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V | |
36 | jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V | |
37 | reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V | |
38 | xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V | |
39 | squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version | |
40 | btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck | |
41 | pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V | |
42 | quota-tools 3.09 quota -V | |
43 | PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version | |
44 | isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version | |
45 | nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version | |
46 | procps 3.2.0 ps --version | |
47 | oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version | |
48 | udev 081 udevd --version | |
49 | grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version | |
50 | mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version | |
51 | iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V | |
52 | openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version | |
53 | bc 1.06.95 bc --version | |
54 | ====================== =============== ======================================== | |
7a922637 | 55 | |
1da177e4 LT |
56 | |
57 | Kernel compilation | |
840f6690 | 58 | ****************** |
1da177e4 LT |
59 | |
60 | GCC | |
61 | --- | |
62 | ||
63 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your | |
a1365647 | 64 | computer. |
1da177e4 LT |
65 | |
66 | Make | |
67 | ---- | |
68 | ||
bf5777bc | 69 | You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel. |
1da177e4 LT |
70 | |
71 | Binutils | |
72 | -------- | |
73 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
74 | Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for |
75 | assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile | |
1da177e4 LT |
76 | your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent |
77 | release of binutils. | |
78 | ||
08219624 JLPD |
79 | Perl |
80 | ---- | |
81 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
82 | You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``, |
83 | ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel. | |
08219624 | 84 | |
221069be A |
85 | BC |
86 | -- | |
87 | ||
88 | You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher | |
89 | ||
08219624 | 90 | |
3f1d44ae DH |
91 | OpenSSL |
92 | ------- | |
93 | ||
94 | Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and | |
95 | crypto library to do key creation and signature generation. | |
96 | ||
97 | You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is | |
98 | enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3 | |
99 | and higher. | |
100 | ||
101 | ||
1da177e4 | 102 | System utilities |
840f6690 | 103 | **************** |
1da177e4 LT |
104 | |
105 | Architectural changes | |
106 | --------------------- | |
107 | ||
108 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev | |
109 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) | |
110 | ||
111 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! | |
112 | ||
113 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline | |
114 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their | |
115 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the | |
116 | SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook | |
117 | files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, | |
118 | HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from | |
119 | DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as | |
120 | well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. | |
121 | ||
122 | Util-linux | |
123 | ---------- | |
124 | ||
840f6690 | 125 | New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks, |
1da177e4 LT |
126 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition |
127 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. | |
128 | You'll probably want to upgrade. | |
129 | ||
130 | Ksymoops | |
131 | -------- | |
132 | ||
62a07e6e JJ |
133 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
134 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. | |
840f6690 | 135 | It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so |
5adaf851 LT |
136 | that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also |
137 | produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel | |
840f6690 | 138 | is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and |
5adaf851 LT |
139 | reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops |
140 | with ksymoops. | |
1da177e4 LT |
141 | |
142 | Module-Init-Tools | |
143 | ----------------- | |
144 | ||
840f6690 | 145 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools`` |
1da177e4 LT |
146 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. |
147 | ||
148 | Mkinitrd | |
149 | -------- | |
150 | ||
840f6690 | 151 | These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that |
1da177e4 LT |
152 | mkinitrd be upgraded. |
153 | ||
154 | E2fsprogs | |
155 | --------- | |
156 | ||
840f6690 | 157 | The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and |
1da177e4 LT |
158 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. |
159 | ||
160 | JFSutils | |
161 | -------- | |
162 | ||
840f6690 | 163 | The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system. |
1da177e4 | 164 | The following utilities are available: |
840f6690 MCC |
165 | |
166 | - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check | |
1da177e4 | 167 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. |
840f6690 MCC |
168 | |
169 | - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition. | |
170 | ||
171 | - other file system utilities are also available in this package. | |
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172 | |
173 | Reiserfsprogs | |
174 | ------------- | |
175 | ||
176 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x | |
177 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working | |
840f6690 MCC |
178 | versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and |
179 | ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. | |
1da177e4 LT |
180 | |
181 | Xfsprogs | |
182 | -------- | |
183 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
184 | The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the |
185 | ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is | |
1da177e4 LT |
186 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should |
187 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or | |
188 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). | |
189 | ||
5085cb26 DB |
190 | PCMCIAutils |
191 | ----------- | |
192 | ||
840f6690 | 193 | PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up |
5085cb26 DB |
194 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules |
195 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug | |
196 | subsystem is used. | |
1da177e4 | 197 | |
1da177e4 LT |
198 | Quota-tools |
199 | ----------- | |
200 | ||
201 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use | |
202 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and | |
203 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer | |
204 | from the table above. | |
205 | ||
206 | Intel IA32 microcode | |
207 | -------------------- | |
208 | ||
209 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, | |
890fbae2 GKH |
210 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
211 | udev you may need to: | |
1da177e4 | 212 | |
840f6690 MCC |
213 | :: |
214 | ||
215 | mkdir /dev/cpu | |
216 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 | |
217 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode | |
1da177e4 LT |
218 | |
219 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to | |
220 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. | |
221 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
222 | udev |
223 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
224 | |
225 | ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with | |
226 | only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic | |
03a67a46 | 227 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
890fbae2 | 228 | devices. |
1da177e4 | 229 | |
909021ea MS |
230 | FUSE |
231 | ---- | |
232 | ||
233 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount | |
840f6690 | 234 | options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work. |
909021ea | 235 | |
1da177e4 | 236 | Networking |
840f6690 | 237 | ********** |
1da177e4 LT |
238 | |
239 | General changes | |
240 | --------------- | |
241 | ||
242 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably | |
243 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. | |
244 | ||
245 | Packet Filter / NAT | |
246 | ------------------- | |
247 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x | |
248 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules | |
249 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. | |
250 | ||
251 | PPP | |
252 | --- | |
253 | ||
254 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to | |
255 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, | |
256 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. | |
257 | ||
890fbae2 | 258 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
1da177e4 LT |
259 | which can be made by: |
260 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
261 | :: |
262 | ||
263 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 | |
1da177e4 LT |
264 | |
265 | as root. | |
266 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
267 | Isdn4k-utils |
268 | ------------ | |
269 | ||
270 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils | |
271 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. | |
272 | ||
273 | NFS-utils | |
274 | --------- | |
275 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
276 | In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know |
277 | about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This | |
840f6690 MCC |
278 | information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client |
279 | mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs | |
280 | would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``. | |
1da177e4 LT |
281 | |
282 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct | |
283 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement | |
840f6690 | 284 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from |
1da177e4 LT |
285 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. |
286 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
287 | With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd |
288 | when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give | |
289 | appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the | |
840f6690 | 290 | dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about |
5adaf851 | 291 | currently active clients. |
1da177e4 LT |
292 | |
293 | To enable this new functionality, you need to: | |
294 | ||
840f6690 MCC |
295 | :: |
296 | ||
e4121712 | 297 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
1da177e4 LT |
298 | |
299 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS | |
300 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where | |
301 | that is possible. | |
302 | ||
172d899d AK |
303 | mcelog |
304 | ------ | |
305 | ||
c8c3f7d6 | 306 | On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check |
840f6690 MCC |
307 | events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors |
308 | reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. | |
172d899d | 309 | |
1da177e4 LT |
310 | Getting updated software |
311 | ======================== | |
312 | ||
313 | Kernel compilation | |
314 | ****************** | |
315 | ||
a1365647 AM |
316 | gcc |
317 | --- | |
840f6690 MCC |
318 | |
319 | - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
320 | |
321 | Make | |
322 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
323 | |
324 | - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
325 | |
326 | Binutils | |
327 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
328 | |
329 | - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> | |
1da177e4 | 330 | |
3f1d44ae DH |
331 | OpenSSL |
332 | ------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
333 | |
334 | - <https://www.openssl.org/> | |
3f1d44ae | 335 | |
1da177e4 LT |
336 | System utilities |
337 | **************** | |
338 | ||
339 | Util-linux | |
340 | ---------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
341 | |
342 | - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
343 | |
344 | Ksymoops | |
345 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
346 | |
347 | - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
348 | |
349 | Module-Init-Tools | |
350 | ----------------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
351 | |
352 | - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
353 | |
354 | Mkinitrd | |
355 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
356 | |
357 | - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> | |
1da177e4 LT |
358 | |
359 | E2fsprogs | |
360 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
361 | |
362 | - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> | |
1da177e4 LT |
363 | |
364 | JFSutils | |
365 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
366 | |
367 | - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
368 | |
369 | Reiserfsprogs | |
370 | ------------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
371 | |
372 | - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
373 | |
374 | Xfsprogs | |
375 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
376 | |
377 | - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/> | |
1da177e4 | 378 | |
5085cb26 DB |
379 | Pcmciautils |
380 | ----------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
381 | |
382 | - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> | |
5085cb26 | 383 | |
1da177e4 | 384 | Quota-tools |
840f6690 MCC |
385 | ----------- |
386 | ||
387 | - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> | |
1da177e4 | 388 | |
1da177e4 LT |
389 | DocBook Stylesheets |
390 | ------------------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
391 | |
392 | - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/> | |
1da177e4 | 393 | |
8b0c2d98 MW |
394 | XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
395 | ------------------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
396 | |
397 | - <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> | |
8b0c2d98 | 398 | |
1da177e4 LT |
399 | Intel P6 microcode |
400 | ------------------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
401 | |
402 | - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> | |
1da177e4 | 403 | |
1da177e4 LT |
404 | udev |
405 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
406 | |
407 | - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html> | |
1da177e4 | 408 | |
909021ea MS |
409 | FUSE |
410 | ---- | |
840f6690 MCC |
411 | |
412 | - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> | |
909021ea | 413 | |
172d899d AK |
414 | mcelog |
415 | ------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
416 | |
417 | - <http://www.mcelog.org/> | |
172d899d | 418 | |
1da177e4 LT |
419 | Networking |
420 | ********** | |
421 | ||
422 | PPP | |
423 | --- | |
840f6690 MCC |
424 | |
425 | - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
426 | |
427 | Isdn4k-utils | |
428 | ------------ | |
840f6690 MCC |
429 | |
430 | - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
431 | |
432 | NFS-utils | |
433 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
434 | |
435 | - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> | |
1da177e4 LT |
436 | |
437 | Iptables | |
438 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
439 | |
440 | - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> | |
1da177e4 LT |
441 | |
442 | Ip-route2 | |
443 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
444 | |
445 | - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
446 | |
447 | OProfile | |
448 | -------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
449 | |
450 | - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
451 | |
452 | NFS-Utils | |
453 | --------- | |
840f6690 MCC |
454 | |
455 | - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> |