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1 | Intro |
2 | ===== | |
3 | ||
4 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of | |
5 | software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief | |
6 | instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when | |
7 | trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x | |
8 | kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for | |
9 | additional information; most of that information will not be repeated | |
10 | here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already | |
11 | functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels. | |
12 | ||
13 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels | |
14 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, | |
15 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the | |
16 | 'net). | |
17 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
18 | Current Minimal Requirements |
19 | ============================ | |
20 | ||
21 | Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've | |
22 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently | |
23 | running, the suggested command should tell you. | |
24 | ||
25 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already | |
26 | functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are | |
5085cb26 DB |
27 | necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN |
28 | hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with | |
29 | isdn4k-utils. | |
1da177e4 | 30 | |
a1365647 | 31 | o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version |
1da177e4 LT |
32 | o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version |
33 | o binutils 2.12 # ld -v | |
34 | o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version | |
35 | o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V | |
242f45da | 36 | o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V |
1da177e4 LT |
37 | o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V |
38 | o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs | |
39 | o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V | |
242f45da BN |
40 | o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version |
41 | o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck | |
e4121712 | 42 | o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V |
1da177e4 LT |
43 | o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V |
44 | o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version | |
45 | o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version | |
46 | o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version | |
47 | o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version | |
0c0a400d | 48 | o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version |
e4121712 | 49 | o udev 081 # udevinfo -V |
c3887cd7 | 50 | o grub 0.93 # grub --version |
1da177e4 LT |
51 | |
52 | Kernel compilation | |
53 | ================== | |
54 | ||
55 | GCC | |
56 | --- | |
57 | ||
58 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your | |
a1365647 | 59 | computer. |
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60 | |
61 | Make | |
62 | ---- | |
63 | ||
64 | You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel. | |
65 | ||
66 | Binutils | |
67 | -------- | |
68 | ||
69 | Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for | |
70 | assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile | |
71 | your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent | |
72 | release of binutils. | |
73 | ||
74 | System utilities | |
75 | ================ | |
76 | ||
77 | Architectural changes | |
78 | --------------------- | |
79 | ||
80 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev | |
81 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) | |
82 | ||
83 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! | |
84 | ||
85 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline | |
86 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their | |
87 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the | |
88 | SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook | |
89 | files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, | |
90 | HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from | |
91 | DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as | |
92 | well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. | |
93 | ||
94 | Util-linux | |
95 | ---------- | |
96 | ||
97 | New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, | |
98 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition | |
99 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. | |
100 | You'll probably want to upgrade. | |
101 | ||
102 | Ksymoops | |
103 | -------- | |
104 | ||
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105 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
106 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. | |
107 | In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with | |
108 | CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is | |
109 | (this also produces better output than ksymoops). | |
110 | If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and | |
111 | you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then | |
112 | you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops. | |
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113 | |
114 | Module-Init-Tools | |
115 | ----------------- | |
116 | ||
117 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools | |
118 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. | |
119 | ||
120 | Mkinitrd | |
121 | -------- | |
122 | ||
123 | These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that | |
124 | mkinitrd be upgraded. | |
125 | ||
126 | E2fsprogs | |
127 | --------- | |
128 | ||
129 | The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and | |
130 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. | |
131 | ||
132 | JFSutils | |
133 | -------- | |
134 | ||
135 | The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. | |
136 | The following utilities are available: | |
137 | o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check | |
138 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. | |
139 | o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. | |
140 | o other file system utilities are also available in this package. | |
141 | ||
142 | Reiserfsprogs | |
143 | ------------- | |
144 | ||
145 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x | |
146 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working | |
147 | versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and | |
148 | reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. | |
149 | ||
150 | Xfsprogs | |
151 | -------- | |
152 | ||
153 | The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the | |
154 | xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is | |
155 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should | |
156 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or | |
157 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). | |
158 | ||
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159 | PCMCIAutils |
160 | ----------- | |
161 | ||
162 | PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up | |
163 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules | |
164 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug | |
165 | subsystem is used. | |
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166 | |
167 | Pcmcia-cs | |
168 | --------- | |
169 | ||
170 | PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main | |
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171 | kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs |
172 | for newest kernels. | |
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173 | |
174 | Quota-tools | |
175 | ----------- | |
176 | ||
177 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use | |
178 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and | |
179 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer | |
180 | from the table above. | |
181 | ||
182 | Intel IA32 microcode | |
183 | -------------------- | |
184 | ||
185 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, | |
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186 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
187 | udev you may need to: | |
1da177e4 LT |
188 | |
189 | mkdir /dev/cpu | |
190 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 | |
191 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode | |
192 | ||
193 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to | |
194 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. | |
195 | ||
196 | Powertweak | |
197 | ---------- | |
198 | ||
199 | If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to | |
200 | version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems | |
201 | with programs using shared memory. | |
202 | ||
203 | udev | |
204 | ---- | |
205 | udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with | |
890fbae2 | 206 | only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic |
03a67a46 | 207 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
890fbae2 | 208 | devices. |
1da177e4 | 209 | |
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210 | FUSE |
211 | ---- | |
212 | ||
213 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount | |
214 | options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work. | |
215 | ||
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216 | Networking |
217 | ========== | |
218 | ||
219 | General changes | |
220 | --------------- | |
221 | ||
222 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably | |
223 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. | |
224 | ||
225 | Packet Filter / NAT | |
226 | ------------------- | |
227 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x | |
228 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules | |
229 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. | |
230 | ||
231 | PPP | |
232 | --- | |
233 | ||
234 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to | |
235 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, | |
236 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. | |
237 | ||
890fbae2 | 238 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
1da177e4 LT |
239 | which can be made by: |
240 | ||
241 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 | |
242 | ||
243 | as root. | |
244 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
245 | Isdn4k-utils |
246 | ------------ | |
247 | ||
248 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils | |
249 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. | |
250 | ||
251 | NFS-utils | |
252 | --------- | |
253 | ||
254 | In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any | |
255 | client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This | |
256 | information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client | |
257 | mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs | |
258 | would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. | |
259 | ||
260 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct | |
261 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement | |
262 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from | |
263 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. | |
264 | ||
265 | With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it | |
266 | gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate | |
267 | export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on | |
268 | rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently | |
269 | active clients. | |
270 | ||
271 | To enable this new functionality, you need to: | |
272 | ||
e4121712 | 273 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
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274 | |
275 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS | |
276 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where | |
277 | that is possible. | |
278 | ||
279 | Getting updated software | |
280 | ======================== | |
281 | ||
282 | Kernel compilation | |
283 | ****************** | |
284 | ||
a1365647 AM |
285 | gcc |
286 | --- | |
287 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
288 | |
289 | Make | |
290 | ---- | |
291 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> | |
292 | ||
293 | Binutils | |
294 | -------- | |
295 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> | |
296 | ||
297 | System utilities | |
298 | **************** | |
299 | ||
300 | Util-linux | |
301 | ---------- | |
302 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> | |
303 | ||
304 | Ksymoops | |
305 | -------- | |
306 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> | |
307 | ||
308 | Module-Init-Tools | |
309 | ----------------- | |
310 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> | |
311 | ||
312 | Mkinitrd | |
313 | -------- | |
314 | o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/> | |
315 | ||
316 | E2fsprogs | |
317 | --------- | |
318 | o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> | |
319 | ||
320 | JFSutils | |
321 | -------- | |
322 | o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
323 | ||
324 | Reiserfsprogs | |
325 | ------------- | |
326 | o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz> | |
327 | ||
328 | Xfsprogs | |
329 | -------- | |
330 | o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/> | |
331 | ||
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332 | Pcmciautils |
333 | ----------- | |
334 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> | |
335 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
336 | Pcmcia-cs |
337 | --------- | |
5085cb26 | 338 | o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/> |
1da177e4 LT |
339 | |
340 | Quota-tools | |
341 | ---------- | |
342 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> | |
343 | ||
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344 | DocBook Stylesheets |
345 | ------------------- | |
346 | o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/> | |
347 | ||
8b0c2d98 MW |
348 | XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
349 | ------------------- | |
350 | o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> | |
351 | ||
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352 | Intel P6 microcode |
353 | ------------------ | |
354 | o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/> | |
355 | ||
356 | Powertweak | |
357 | ---------- | |
358 | o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/> | |
359 | ||
360 | udev | |
361 | ---- | |
362 | o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html> | |
363 | ||
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364 | FUSE |
365 | ---- | |
366 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> | |
367 | ||
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368 | Networking |
369 | ********** | |
370 | ||
371 | PPP | |
372 | --- | |
373 | o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz> | |
374 | ||
375 | Isdn4k-utils | |
376 | ------------ | |
377 | o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz> | |
378 | ||
379 | NFS-utils | |
380 | --------- | |
381 | o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> | |
382 | ||
383 | Iptables | |
384 | -------- | |
385 | o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> | |
386 | ||
387 | Ip-route2 | |
388 | --------- | |
389 | o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz> | |
390 | ||
391 | OProfile | |
392 | -------- | |
393 | o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> | |
394 | ||
395 | NFS-Utils | |
396 | --------- | |
397 | o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
398 |